ncert-textbook-for-class-8-social-science-civics-chapter-1

Constitution

A set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state is governed.

Federalism

A political system where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units.

Parliamentary Form of Government

A system where the government derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislature.

Separation of Powers

The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.

Fundamental Rights

Basic human rights guaranteed to all citizens, protecting them from State interference.

Secularism

The principle of separating religion from political, social, and educational institutions.

Tyranny of the Majority

A situation in which the majority uses its power to impose its will on a minority group.

Directive Principles of State Policy

Guidelines for the framing of laws by the government aimed at establishing social and economic democracy.

Anti-colonial struggle

Campaigns and movements aimed at gaining independence from colonial rule.

Principled Distance

The concept of state intervention in religions based on constitutional ideals rather than arbitrary decisions.