Catalysts

Active Site

where substrates bind (on surface of enzyme)

endproduct inhibition

metabolic pathway turned off by enzyme at front of pathway binding to its end product

activators

increase rate of product formation (e.g. cofactors); stabilizing at active conformation

Inhibitors

decrease rate of product formation; stabilizes in inactive conformation

Irreversible Inhibitors

covalently attached to enzyme at active site; can’t go back

Reversible Inhibitors

noncovalently bonded; can go back

Competitive Inhibitor

binds to enzyme, blocking at active site and preventing substrate

Noncompetitive Inhibitor

binds to enzyme away from active site, changing enzyme structure; reduces enzyme function ability

Allosteric

molecules that bind to enzyme away from active site (inhibitors + activators)

Functional Conformation

ready to interact with substrate

Nonfunctional Conformation

active site isn’t exposed to substrate