Energy and Water Cycle

@ SAG - Marek - '24 (P9)

Conduction is the

transfer of energy through contact

Convection is the

transfer of energy in liquids and gasses due to difference in density

Radiation is the

transfer of energy in waves; needs no medium (space) sun to Earth to light bulb

Energy moves from the

source (highest temp.) to the sink (lowest temp.)

The difference between the forms of electromagnetic radiation is

wavelength

Dark and rough objects

absorb light

Light and smooth objects

reflect light

Good absorbers of light are

good radiators (black heats up and cools down quickly)

Specific heat is the

resistance to heating

Water has a high specific heat because

it heats up and cools down slowly

Lead has a low specific heat because

it changes temperature very easily

Water that lands on soil can

infiltrate or run off

Infiltrate

to sink in

Run-Off

move over the surface

Evaporation is greatest when it is

hot, dry and windy and also increases surface area

Condensation is when

water vapor turns into liquid water

Transpiration is when

water vapor enters the atmosphere through plants

Zone of Aeration is the

air between soil

Zone of Saturation is the

water between soil (think: saturated sponge)

The water table is the

boundary line that separates the two zones

Infiltration occurs when the land is

permeable, unsaturated, low slope, not frozen

Runoff occurs when the land is

impermeable, saturated, steep slopes, frozen ground

Permeability

the ability for water to pass through

As particle size increases, permeability

increases

Porosity is the

amount of empty space between the particles

Porosity does NOT depend on

particle size

Impermeable

water cannot get through

Capillarity is the

upward movement of water into small spaces (against gravity)

As particle size increases, capillary action

decreases

Potential energy

stored energy

Kinetic energy

energy in motion

What are the two types of energy?

Potential and Kinetic

Shorter wavelengths mean that the energy is

more powerful

Electromagnetic Spectrum

range of radiation identified by wavelength

Size of wavelength determines

the amount of energy

Which form of electromagnetic radiation has the greatest wavelength?

Radio waves

Radiation with the shortest wavelength is visible as what color?

Violet

In which processes is energy gained?

Evaporation and melting

In which processes is energy lost?

Condensation and solidification

Evaporation

liquid water becomes water vapor and enters atmosphere

Transpiration

water vapor leaves plants and enters atmosphere

Condensation

water vapor becomes liquid water, forming clouds

Precipitation

liquid water that falls from clouds

Water Cycle

constant recirculating water at or near Earth's surface

Types of Precipitation

Rain, Sleet, Snow, Hail

Conditions that Increase the Rate of Evaporation

High Temperature, Low Humidity, Wind, Increased Surface Area

Factors the Affect Porosity

Round Shape, Loosely Packed Density, Well Sorted

Capillarity is highest when the particles are

smaller

Ozone layer blocks

ultraviolet radiation