Energy Storage System

What is energy storage system ?

It is an technology that stores energy for later use.

Types of Energy storage system ?

- Battery Storage

- Pumped Hydro Storage

- Flywheel Energy Storage

- Thermal Energy Storage

- Supercapacitors

- Hydrogen Energy Storage

Name one common type of energy storage used in smartphones and electric vehicles ?

lithium-ion batteries

What is pumped hydro storage ?

Involves moving water uphills and realise it downhill to genereate electricity

What is a flywheel energy storage system?

A flywheel stores energy by spinning around very fast. It stores energy

How does thermal energy storage work?

Thermal energy storage stores heat and cold for later use

What are supercapacitors also known as?

ultracapacitors

How can hydrogen be stored for later use?

Can be Stored by compressing it

cooling → liquid by use of chemicals

What is primary batteries ?

- We can’t charge it ( One time use )

- Known as disposable batteries

- Designed for single use

- Once the chemical reactions that produce electricity exhausted the battery should be replaced

- Use in remote controls , Flashlights

What is Secondary Batteries ?

- It is also known as rechargeable batteries

- Designed to be recharged multiple times

- It help in reduced waste compare to primary batteries

- Batteries can undergo reversible electrochemical reactions enabling them to be recharged multiple times w/ degrading the performance

- Used in device such as Phone , laptops , ipad and more

- Lithium - ion batteries , nickel - cadmium ( NiCd )

What is reserve Batteries ?

- Also known as Backup batteries

- Used in critical times as a power backup.

- Inactive until needed

- alarm systems and medical devices

Diagram of li-ion batteries

What is the construction of li-ion batteries ?

- Cathode

- Anode

- Separator

- Electrolyte

- Current Collectors

Cathode in li-ion batteries

- The cathode in lithium - ion battery is typically made of lithium metal oxide

- LiCoO2

Anode in li-ion batteries

- Anode made of graphite ( serve as host material )

- Graphite allow li-ion to change it into its structure

Separator in li-ion batteries

- Separator is made by polyethylene or polypropylene

- Placed b/w cathode and anode

- To prevent direct contact and short ckt

Electrolyte in li-ion batteries

electrolyte in li-ion batteries → Lithium salt dissolve in solvent

Current collectors in li-ion batteries

thin metal foils

: Aluminium → Cathode

: Copper → Anode

serve as current collectors to conduct electricity

Why we use Lithium metal Oxide ?

- these materials provide a stable structure for lithium ions

Working of li-ion batteries ?

Charging Process ::

- Lithium ions move from the cathode to anode through the electrolyte :: Lithium ions move from the positive cathode to negative anode through electrolyte ( a liquid b/w the cathode and anode ) bcz li+ ions are (+ve)

- Electrons flow through the external circuit to the anode

What are the advantages of lithium - ion batteries ?

- High Energy Density ( Can store large amount of battery )

- Fast charging ( Can charge quickly compare to other batteries )

- Long cycle life ( li + batteries have long cycle life )

- Reduced Environmental Impact ( li ion batteries have a low environmental impact then other one

- Flexibility in Design ( li ion batteries offer design flexibility )

What is direct cycling method ?

A recycling method for lithium-ion batteries involves breaking down used batteries into their constituent materials and directly reusing these material

What is collection and sorting ?

Gathering used batteries and organizing based on conditions

What is disassembly ?

Breaking down batteries to separate the different parts like cathode and anode

What is material recovery ?

Getting valuable materials like li and cobaly

What is purification and refining ?

Cleaning the recovered materials to remove dirt and make new batteries

What is reforming of battery components ?

Turning clean parts like cathode and anodes for new batteries

What is battery manufacturing ?

Putting together the new batteries using the reformed component

What is testing and certification ?

Checking the new batteries to make sure they work well and are safe to use

What is reuse of material ?

Using recovered material from old batteries to make new ones