Overview of the U.S. Constitution and Key Amendments

Necessary and Proper Clause

Allows government to act as needed for duties.

Article 1

Establishes the legislative branch of government.

Article 2

Establishes the executive branch of government.

Article 3

Establishes the judicial branch of government.

Article 7

Details the ratification process of the Constitution.

Amendment Process

Requires ¾ states, ⅔ Senate, ⅔ House approval.

Executive Agency

Agency led by heads nominated by the president.

1st Amendment

Protects free speech rights in the U.S.

Tinker v. Des Moines

Supreme Court case on student free speech rights.

Establishment Clause

Prohibits government from establishing a religion.

Engle v. Vitale

Supreme Court case on school-sponsored prayer.

Free Exercise Clause

Protects individuals' rights to practice religion.

Wisconsin v. Yoder

Amish children exempt from school past grade 8.

2nd Amendment

Protects the right to bear arms.

Mcdonald v. Chicago

Supreme Court case on gun rights.

4th Amendment

Requires warrants for searches and seizures.

Exclusionary Rule

Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used.

Mapp v. Ohio

Supreme Court case on exclusionary rule application.

14th Amendment

Grants birthright citizenship and equal protection.

Judicial Nomination Process

President nominates judges, Senate confirms them.

Filibuster

Senate rule preventing blocking judicial nominations.