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abnormal psychology
the study of unusual patterns of behaviors, emotions, and thoughts, which may or may not be understood as precipitating a disorder
clinical psychology
the branch of psychology that assesses, diagnoses, treats, and prevents mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
psychology student syndrome
psychology students studying abnormal behavior can also become convinced that they have some mental disorder
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
comprehensive classification system used by mental health professionals to diagnose and categorize mental disorders
international classification of mental disorders
global standard for reporting and categorizing diseases, including mental and behavioral disorders
deviation
significant departure from accepted social behaviors and cultural expectations
distress
intense and prolonged emotional suffering that impairs an individual’s ability to function in daily life
dysfunction
the disruption in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning that significantly impairs an individual’s ability to perform normal daily activities
stigma
the negative stereotypes and social disapproval directed at individuals with mental disorders
biological perspective
mental disorders are caused by physiological and genetic factors
behavioral perspective
suggests that mental disorders arise from maladaptive learned behaviors and associations
psychodynamic perspective
mental disorders stem from unresolved unconscious conflicts and impulses, often originating in childhood
humanistic perspective
emphasizes that mental disorders arise when individuals’ innate potential for self fulfillment and personal growth is blocked
cognitive perspective
proposes that mental disorders are caused by maladaptive thought patterns
evolutionary perspective
suggests that mental disorders can arise from behaviors and mental processes that are maladaptive, reducing an individual’s chances of survival and reproduction in a given environment
sociocultural perspective
mental disorders stem from maladaptive social and cultural relationships and dynamics
eclectic approach
combining techniques and theories from multiple therapeutic orientations to tailor treatment the unique needs of individual clients
biopsychosocial model
psychological disorders result from a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
diathesis stress model
psychological disorders arise from a predisposing genetic vulnerability (diathesis) combined with stressful environmental factors (stress)
