Vet Med Term. Ch6: Gut Instincts (Stomach, Intestines & Accessorie Organs )

The __ is the cavity in the caudal oral cavity that joins the repiratory and gastrointestinal systems.

Also called the throat

Pharynx

combinig form: pharyng/o

The ___ is a collaspsible, muscular tube that leads from the oral cavity to the stomach.

Esophagus

combining from: esophag/o

The esophagus enters the stomach through an opening that is surrounded by a ____. A ring like muscle that constricts an opening.

Sphincter

The ___ is the cavity located between the diaphragm and pelvis.

Abdomen

combining form: abdomin/o and celi/o

__ is the combining from for abdomen and flank.

lapar/o

The ___ is the membrane lining that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavitites and some of the organs in that area.

Peritoneum

The layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities is called the __ and the layer of the peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs is called the —.

Parietal peritoneum

Visceral peritoneum

The stomach is connected to other visceral organs by a fold of peritoneum called the ___ and the dorsal adbominal wall by another fold of peritoneum called the —.

Lesser omentum

Greater omentum

What is the combining form for stomach?

gastr/o

__ animals have one ture or glandular, stomach.

Monogastric

The __ is the one that produces secretions for digestion.

Glandular stomach

__ animals also have one ture stomach but they also have three forestomahces

Ruminants

Compartments of the true stomach:

entrance area located nearest the esophagus

Cardia

Compartments of the true stomach:

base of an organ, which is the cranial, round part

Fundus

Compartments of the true stomach:

main portion of an organ, which is the rounded base or bottom; also called the corpus

Body

Compartments of the true stomach:

caudal part, which is the constricted part of the stomach that joins the pylorus

Antrum

Compartments of the true stomach:

narrow passage between the stomahc and the duodenum.

Pylorus

combining form: pylor/o

__is the muscle ring that controls the flow of material from the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine

Pyloric sphincter

Compartments of the true stomach:

folds present in the mucosa of the stomach, that contains glads that produce gastric juices that aid in digestion.

Rugae

Ruminants are animasl that can ___ and —- their food.

Regurgitate

Remasticate

Normal microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract are called ___. These microbes produce enzymes that can digest plant calls through fermentation.

Intestinal flora

Regurgitated food particals, fiber, rumen fluid, and rumen microorganisms are called__.

Cud

Compartments of the rumen stomach:

largest compartment of the ruminant stomach that serves as a fermentation vat; also called the paunch.

Rumen

Compartments of the rumen stomach:

most cranial compartment of the ruminant stomach; also called the honeycomb because it is lined with muous membrane that contains numerous intersecting ridges.

Reticulum

Compartments of the rumen stomach:

third compartment of the ruminant stomach, with short bkunt papillae that grinds food before it enters the abomasum.

Omasum

Compartments of the rumen stomach:

fourth compartment of the ruminant stomahc; also called te true stomach ( is the glandular portion that secretes digestive enzymes)

Abomasum

The small intestine is attached to the dorasal abdominal wall by a fold of the peritoneum called the __.

Mesentery

Digestion and absorption of food takes place in the small intestine for animals not needing extensive fermentation of their ingested food. The combining form for small intetine is?

enter/o

__ is the study of the stomach and small intestines

Gastroenterology

The segments of the small intestines:

proximal or first portion of the small intestines.

Duodenum

Combining form: duoden/i or duoden/o

The segments of the small intestines:

middle portion of the small intestines

Jejunum

combining form: jejun/o

The segments of the small intestines:

distal or last portion of the small intestines also know as the aboral.

Ileum

combining form: ile/o

Once the food is digested in the small intestines, it forms a milky fluid. this milky fluid is called __. Which is absorbed thorugh intertinal wall into veins.

chyle

Fermentation occurs to some extent in the large intestines of all animals but is more consuming in herbivorous animals. In ruminants, the __ constributes to fermentation vat and in non rumenante herbivores the — and — provieds fermentation.

Forestomach (forestomach fermenters)

cecum and colon (hindgut digesters) (horse and rabbit)

Large intestine four parts:

Food enters a pouch called the __ form the ileum. It can be poorly developed as in dogs or be large as in horses, or be double poutched as in birds.

Cecum

combining form: cec/o

Large intestine four parts:

the __ continues from the cecum to its termination at rectum. Consists of assending and decending portions. Dogs and cats have asseding, pigs and other ruminants have spiral and horses have large.

Colon

combining form: col/o

The cecum and colon of pigs and horses are sacculated these sacculations are called __ and act like bukets and prolonged retention of material so the microbes have more time for digestion.

Haustra

Haustra are formed because of the longitudinal smooth muscle bands or ___ in the cecal wall

Teniae

Large intestine four parts:

the __ is the caudal portion of the large intestine and the — caudal opening of the gastronintestinal tract.

Rectum

combining form: rect/o

Anus

combining form: an/o

__ is a term that means pertaining to the anus and rectum.

Anorectal

The combining form — refers to the anus and rectum collectively

proct/o

Dogs and cats have a pair of pouches in the skin between the internal and external anal sphincters. These pouches are called __ and are lined with microsopic anal glands that secrete a foul smelling fluid.

Anal sacs

The __ is located caudal to the diaphragm that removes glucose from the bloodstream and stores it as glycogen

liver

combining form: hepat/o

When blood sugar is low, a condition is called __

Hypoglycemia

Liver cells are called __

Hepatocytes

The liver also contains ___ or channels, and the hepatocytes make up the liver ___ or the functional elements of a tissue or organ

Sinusoids

Parenchyma

The digestive function of the liver involves that porduction of __.

Bile

combinging form: chol/o (can mean bile or gall)

The term __ means pertaining to bile.

Biliary

Fat digestion is called __

Emilsification

__ is a pigment produced from the destruction of of hemoglobin that is released by the liver in bile.

Bilirubin

The __ is a sac embedded in the liver that stores bile for later use.

Gallbladder

The combining form __ menas cyst, sac of fluid, or urinary bladder.

cyst/o

The combining fomr __ means receptacle

doch/o

__ means pertaining to gallblader and — means comon bild duct

Cholecystic

Choledochus

The __ is an elonged gland located near the cranial portion of the euodenum. The main duct enters the duodenum close to the common ile duct.

Pancrease

combining form: pancreast/o

__ is an emzyme that digests protein

—- is an emzyme that digests fat

—- is an emzyme that digests carbohydrates

(all are porduced by the pancrease)

Trypsin

Lipase

Amylase