Advanced Arduino Programming

Potentiometer

What electrical component, equivalent to a series combination of two resistors, provides a variable voltage output connected to an analog pin?

if-elseif-else statement

What conditional statement structure provides the flexibility to perform multiple actions based on multiple values of a variable?

&& (AND operator)

What logical operator is used in the if-elseif-else structure to combine multiple conditions, such as checking if a variable is between 600 and 800?

for loop

What type of loop is used to repeat a set of statements a fixed number of times

while loop

What type of loop is used when you are uncertain about the number of times a task must be repeated (e.g., waiting for a sensor value)?

Inside the setup() function

In the example sketch, where are the statements of the for loop placed when it is meant to run only once at startup?

Array

What structure is used to group multiple input pins or output pins to reduce the number of lines in a sketch

for loop

What loop is used to efficiently access and set the pinMode for all pins grouped in an array?

indexOf() and substring()

What two functions, when used together in a loop, can split a long String based on a separating symbol?

indexOf('!')

What String function is used to find the position of a separating symbol (like '!') within a string?

substring()

What String function is used to extract a portion of a string (from a start position to a symbol's position)?

Interrupt

What is the process where all other sketch executions are stopped and the compiler shifts to a new function due to an external trigger?

attachInterrupt()

What is the function used to set up and detect an interrupt?

PIN of interrupt, function to be called (ISR), and mode of interrupt detection

What are the three arguments taken by the attachInterrupt() function?

Pins 2 and 3

Which two digital pins on an Arduino Uno are dedicated for interrupts?

RISING edge

What is the mode of interrupt detection used when the interrupt is triggered as the signal changes from LOW to HIGH?

Frequency

What property of a sound wave is defined as the number of vibrations per second

Period

What is the term for the duration of one cycle of a square wave?

tone()

What Arduino function is used to generate a sound signal?

pin, frequency, and duration

What are the three arguments used by the tone() function?

PWM pin

To switch on an LED with a particular intensity, what kind of pin must be used?

Serial.write()

What function is specifically used to send a raw 8-bit message (binary value) through serial communication?

switch and case statements

What two statements are combined to create a case-based conditional structure in Arduino programming?

default case

What statement is mandatory in a switch-case block to handle any input value that is not explicitly defined by a case?

break

What keyword is used to exit the switch block after a matching case is executed?

Function: digitalWrite()

Writes the digital output value to a digital pin; only HIGH and LOW values can be written

Function: pinMode()

Sets the mode (input or output) of a pin to be used in the sketch

Function: analogRead()

Reads the analog input from an analog input pin

Function: delay()

Provides delay in milliseconds

Function: delayMicroseconds()

Provides delay in microseconds

Function: abs()

Returns the absolute value of a number

Function: constrain()

Constrains a number to be within a range

Function: map()

Maps one range of numbers with another range

Function: max()

Returns the maximum of the given numbers

Function: min()

Returns the minimum of the given numbers

Function: pow()

Calculates the value of a number raised to a power

Function: sq()

Returns the square of a number

Function: sqrt()

Returns the square root of a number

Function: random()

Generates a pseudo-random number between 0 to the given number

Function: randomSeed()

Initializes the pseudo-random number generator

Function: interrupts()

Enables considering interrupts in the loop function

Function: noInterrupts()

Disables considering interrupts in the loop function

Data type: array

A set of multiple variables stored with index values

Data type: bool

Used for using values true and false only

Data type: byte

tores an unsigned 8-bit number whose value can be between 0 to 255

Data type: char

Used to store characters; single characters must be declared using single quotes

Data type: double

Used to store double-precision floating-point numbers; uses 4 bytes of memory

Data type: float

Floating-point representation used when a number has decimal points; uses 4 bytes

Data type: int

Stores integers in the range -32,768 to 32,767

Data type: string

An array of characters; can be an array of any length characters

What is the maximum number of digital pins on the Arduino Uno that support PWM?

6 (out of 14 digital pins)