Chapter 1: Europe in the Americas

Conquistadores

Spanish explorers searching for god, glory, and gold in the New World

Balboa

Discovered Pacific Ocean

Cortez

Overthrew Aztecs located in Central Mexico (written language)

Magellan

First to circumnavigate the globe

Pizzaro

Overthrew Incas located in Peru today (No written language)

Ponce de Leon

was looking for the “fountain of youth”

named florida

Johann Gutenburg

invented printing press

Joint-stock Company

A company where shareholders would pool money to fund expeditions to the New World

Predestination

The religious belief that God had already decided who gets to go to heaven

Proprietor

An owner or governor of a colony

Treaty of Tordesillas 1494

divided the world between Portugal and Spain, where Spain would get all of the New World except Brazil

Before this, the pope drew a line in the middle, spain gets everything west , but portugal protests and it resulted in thjs treaty.

Protestant Reformation 1517

A religious movement started by Martin Luther that broke Christians away from the Catholic Church & reform the Roman Catholic Church

• started from Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis which criticizes the church

House of Burgesses 1619

The first elected legislature in America, located in Virginia

form of self government which consists of delicates chosen in each district

Church of England (Anglican Church)

official church during Elizabeths reign

Protestant church founded by King Henry VIII where the king was the head

arminianism

A heresy that was a result of reactions to the protestant predestination

Mayflower Compact 1620

An agreement signed by the pilgrims to obey laws And freed them from English rule

Great Migration

The mass immigration of English Puritans to New England

Toleration Act

Freedom of religion in Maryland, but only to Christians because there were a large amount of protestants in Maryland

Frame of Government

A constitution for Pennsylvania allowing religious freedom and a bicameral legislature

Christopher Columbus

Explorer who "discovered" the Americas in 1492

Prince Henry

Built schools for sailors and made many new routes

John Cabot

Claimed Newfoundland and northeast parts of the US for Britain

Martin Luther

Started the Protestant Reformation

John Calvin

Founded Calvinism

Henry VIII

King of England who broke away from the Catholic Church

Sir Walter Raleigh

Named Virginia and founded Roanoke

Richard Hakluyt

Encouraged building English forts along the east coast of American to plunder Spanish ships

Queen Elizabeth I

Queen of England who funded and supported the exploration of the Americas

London Company

Joint-stock company that founded Jamestown

John Smith

Governor of Jamestown who turned it from a failed colony to a successful one

-believed growing food and building houses were essential for survival

Puritans

A religious group that thought the Anglican Church was corrupt and migrated to the New World

Plymouth Company

became the council for New England

Separatists

Pilgrims

members of the church who were separated from it , declared it corrupt

Pilgrims

Puritans who traveled to the New World and settled in Plymouth

William Bradford

First governor of the pilgrims

Squanto

Native American who taught the Pilgrims to survive

John Winthrop

Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony

City on a hill

Roger WIlliams

Founder of Providence, Rhode Island

• he was the minister of the church in Salem which he was exiled from

visible saints

had full membership in the Massachusetts churches they are people who experience “saving grace” meaning contact with God

Anne Hutchinson

Woman who was banished from Massachusetts for her religious views

Antinomianism

against the law

Lord Baltimore/George Calvert

founder of the Maryland colony(first proprietary colony)

Duke of York

Took New Amsterdam and named it New York

Quakers

Christian denomination, Believed they could communicate directly with their maker

William Penn

Founder of Pennsylvania (a safe haven for quakers and religious freedom)

• Established an assembly that can only approve or reject laws proposed by council or governor

John Rolfe

-introduced west indian tobacco 1612

Columbian Exchange

exchange of goods, people, diseases between the old and new world

Encomienda System

system where in exchange for labor from native americans , they would be introduced to christianity until disease killed the natives

• replaced by haciendas