4. Major IVC Sites & Key Findings

Harappa (1921)

River Ravi, excavated by D. R. Sahni. Features - 12 Granaries (6 in a row), First IVC Site, Male Torso Sculpture (Red Stone)

Mohenjodaro (1922)

River Indus (Sindh, Pakistan), excavated by R. D. Banerjee. Features - Great Bath, Great Granary, proto-shiva, Dancing girl statue, Goddess earth, Bearded man

Chanhudaro

River Indus. Feature - City without Citadel

Lothal (Gujarat)

River Bhogava, excavated by S. R. Rao. Features - Ancient port/dockyard, Fire altar, Double burial

Kalibangan (Rajasthan)

River Ghaggar. Features - Fire altars, black bangles, ploughed field, Two different crops grown together

Rakhigarhi (Haryana)

River Ghaggar. Features - Largest IVC site, Terracotta wheel, Toys

Dholavira (Kutch area, Gujarat)

Discovered by J. P. Joshi, excavated by R. S. Bisht. Features - Giant water reservoir, City divided into 3 parts, Dams/water harvesting system, India's 40th UNESCO site (2021)

Banawali (Haryana)

Excavated by R. S. Bisht. Features - Barley, Lack of grid patterns, Terracotta model of plough, Toilet in a house

Bhirrana (Haryana)

Feature - Oldest IVC site, earliest radiocarbon dates for the IVC

Surkotada (Kutch, Gujarat)

Excavated by J. P. Joshi. Features - Fortified citadel, Evidence of horse remains found

Ropar (Punjab)

River Sutlej. Feature - Pit burial (dogs with masters)

Sonauli (UP)

Feature - Extended burial