IWU Sports Psych Exam 1

What is sport psychology?

the scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise activities and the application of that knowledge

What role does research play in sport psychology?

it's aimed at advancing knowledge and sharing through meetings and journal articles

What role does teaching play in sports psychology?

teaching university courses in psychology or exercise science

What role does consulting play in sports psychology?

working with athletes of all ages in fitness, sports medicine, and PT. (a lot of 1 on 1)

What are some important things to know about clinical sport psychologists?

-they're licensed psychologists

-they're trained to work with severe emotional disorders

-they're trained to help athletes with eating disorders and substance abuse

What are some important things to know about Educational Sport Psych Specialists?

-they use the mental coach approach

-they have training in PE, Kinesiology and exercise science

What is period 2 in Sport Psychology history called?

the Griffith era

Who is the Griffith era named after?

Coleman Griffith

Who is the father of American Sport Psychology?

Coleman Griffith

What does Psychophysiological Orientation deal with?

it examines underlying psychophysiological processes of the brain regarding behavior (biofeedback to trained marksmen)

What does social-psychological orientation deal with?

behavior determined by an interaction of the environment and the athlete (leader fosters group cohesion)

What does cognitive-behavioral orientation deal with?

behavior is determined by both environment and thoughts

Ethical Standard: Competence

maintain the highest standards in your work

Ethical Standard: Integrity

clarify roles and don't falsely advertise

Ethical Standard: Professional and scientific responsibility

always place the client's interests first

Ethical Standard: Respect for people's rights and dignity

respect privacy and confidentiality among clients

Ethical Standard: Concern for the welfare of others

always contribute to the welfare of those you work with

Ethical Standard: Social responsibility

contribute to knowledge and human welfare while protecting the client's interests

What is personality?

the characteristics that make a person unique

What is the structure of personality?

-psychological core

-typical responses

-role-related behavior

What is the psychological core?

the most basic and deepest attitudes, values, interests etc

What are typical responses?

the way one adjusts or responds to the environment

What is role related behavior?

how one acts in a particular social situation

What are the big 6 model of personality traits?

-Neuroticism

-Extroversion

-Openness to experience

-Agreeableness

-Conscientiousness

-Perfectionism

Neuroticism

nervousness, anxiety, depression, anger

Extroversion

enthusiasm, sociability, assertiveness

Openness to experience

originality, need for variety, curiousity

Agreeableness

altruism, modesty

Conscientiousness

self-discipline, achievement strving

Perfectionism

setting high standards, highly organized, concern over mistakes

What are some approaches to understanding personality?

-psychodynamic

-trait

-situational

-interactional

-phenomenological

Psychodynamic Approach

behavior is determined by unconscious, constantly changing factors, places emphasis on understanding the person

Trait Approach

behavior is determined by stable traits that are units of personality

Situational Approach

behavior is determined by situation and environment, not widely embraced by sport psychologists

Interactional Approach

behavior is determined by the person and situational factors, this is a favored approach

Phenomenological Approach

behavior is determined by situational and personal characteristics, interpretation of self and environment are critical

What is a trait?

a style of behavior

What is a state?

the situation's effect on behavior

What is motivation?

the direction and intensity of effort

What are the views of motivation?

-participant/trait centered

-situation-centered

-interactional

What is the participant/trait centered view?

behavior and motivation is a function of characteristics

What is the situation centered view?

motivation is determined by the situation

What is the interactional view?

behavior results from interaction of the participant and situational factors

What is guideline 1 for building motivation?

both situations and traits motivate people

What is guideline 2?

people have multiple motives for envolvement

What is guideline 3?

change the environment to enhance motivation

What is guideline 4?

leaders influence motivation both directly and indirectly

What is guideline 5?

use behavior modification to change undesirable participant motives

What is achievement motivation?

a person's orientation to strive for task success, persist during failure and experience pride in accomplishments

What is competitiveness?

a disposition to strive for satisfaction when making comparisons

What is important to know about high achievers?

-base success on internal factors within their control

-ascribe failure to external forces outside of their control

-have high perceived competence

What is important to know about low achievers?

-low motivation to achieve success

-high motivation to avoid failure

-base success on external factors outside their control

-ascribe failure to internal factors

What are the stages of developing achievement?

-autonomous competence

-social comparison

-integrated

What is anxiety?

negative emotional state that involves worry, nervousness etc

What are the parts of the stress process?

-situational sources (event importance, uncertainty)

-personal sources (trait anxiety, self esteem)

What is the drive theory?

during well learned skills, an individual's arousal increases along with performance

What is the multidimensional anxiety theory?

-Cognitive anxiety (negative)

-Somatic anxiety (U pattern performance)

What is the catastrophe model?

arousal is related to performance in an inverted U fashion, but only when the athlete is not worried

What is the reversal theory?

how arousal affects performance depends on the athlete's interpretation of their arousal level

What are some symptoms of arousal and state anxiety?

headache, difficulty sleeping, muscle tension, butterflies, cold clammy hands etc

What does the social facilitation theory predict?

the presence of others helps performance on well learned/simple tasks but inhibits performance on unlearned/complex tasks

What is competition?

process that occurs when rewards are given to people based on how their performance compares to others

What is cooperation?

process by which performance is rewarded in terms of the collective achievement of the group

What is stage 1 of the competition process?

an objective competitive situation is one in which performance is compared to a standard of excellence while someone else is present

What is stage 2 of the competition process?

the subjective competitive situation, it's how the person perceives and accepts the objective competitive situation

What is stage 3 of the competition process?

response in whether a person approaches or avoids an objective competitive situation

What is stage 4 of the competition process?

consequences in whether a person approaches or avoids an objective competitive situation

What is Triplett's Cyclists

cyclists were faster in competition than alone racing against the clock

What are Deutsch's puzzles?

-competition students were self centered and directed their efforts at beating others and had distrust

-cooperation students communicated openly, shared information and solved more puzzles

What produces superior performance; cooperation or competition?

cooperation

What did the prisoner's dilemma show?

that competitors draw cooperators into competition

What are some attributes related to both competition and cooperation?

-a sense of mission

-strong work ethic

-use of resources

What's an example of competitive means- competitive ends?

King of the hill

What's an example of cooperative means, competitive ends?

soccer or basketball

What's an example of individual means, individual ends?

cross country skiing

What's an example of cooperative means, individual ends?

helping each other improve

What's an example of cooperative means, cooperative ends?

keeping a volleyball from hitting the ground