BIO 213.01 Human Physiology Lecture : F4 Review (Part 1) (Brain Structures and Cranial Nerves)

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Language comprehension; the concept of words originates here

Wernicke’s Area

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Speech production; someone with an aphasia in this area would have slow speech that is poorly articulated

Broca’s Area

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Anterior portion of each hemisphere; voluntary motor control, judgment, inhibition, decision making, personality.

Frontal Lobe

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Processes somesthetic and proprioceptive information; interpretation of textures and shapes; understanding speech.

Parietal Lobe

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Auditory centers; interpretation of auditory sensations and storage of auditory experiences.

Temporal Lobe

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Vision & coordination of eye movements; correlation of visual images with previous experiences; conscious perception of vision.

Occipital Lobe

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Helps link emotions to memories; especially memories of fear responses.

Amygdala

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Receives input from proprioceptors & works with basal nuclei and motor cortex to coordinate movement (balance & coordination).

Cerebellum

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Maintains recent memories & helps convert short-term to long-term memory (memory consolidation).

Hippocampus

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

A portion of the frontal lobe that is involved in complex problem solving; planning; inhibition of inappropriate actions.

Prefrontal Cortex

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Portion of parietal lobe (behind central sulcus); primary area responsible for perception of sensations (cutaneous & proprioceptive).

Somatosensory Cortex

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Portion of frontal lobe (in front of central sulcus); primarily responsible for muscle regulation (upper motor neurons).

Primary Motor Cortex

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Allows the right and left cerebral hemispheres to communicate; composed of 200 million fibers (axons).

Corpus Callosum

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Keeps cortex in alert state; fibers run through brainstem, thalamus, and hypothalamus; activity of neurons promotes wakefulness & inhibition of neurons promotes sleep.

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Regulates water balance, body temp, hunger... homeostasis; links autonomic nervous system and endocrine systems.

Hypothalamus

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Contains vital control centers - respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor centers.

Brain Stem (Midbrain, Pons, Medulla)

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Nuclei and fiber tracts that form a ring around brain stem; emotional, visceral brain.

Limbic System

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Contains ascending & descending tracts; connects afferent & efferent information.

Spinal Cord

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Gray matter within the cerebrum; relay center for sensory into to cortex.

Thalamus

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Outer 2 - 4 mm of cerebral hemispheres - responsible for consciousness, perception, voluntary movement & is contralateral.

Cerebral Cortex

CNS Structures and Functions: Match Description to Term

Masses of gray matter located deep within cerebrum; Monitors voluntary movement, inhibits unwanted movement.

Basal Nuclei

Functions of Cranial Nerves: Match Function To Nerve

Function: Smell

Roman Number: I

Olfactory

Functions of Cranial Nerves: Match Function To Nerve

Function: Vision

Roman Number: II

Optic

Functions of Cranial Nerves: Match Function To Nerve

Function: Eyeball and eyelid movement, pupil constriction, change of lens shape for near vision.

Roman Number: III

Oculomotor

Functions of Cranial Nerves: Match Function To Nerve

Function: Eyeball Movement

Roman Number: IV

Trochlear

Functions of Cranial Nerves: Match Function To Nerve

Function: Chewing

• Somatic sensations (touch, pressure, pain, and temperature) of face and mouth

Roman Number: V

Trigeminal

Functions of Cranial Nerves: Match Function To Nerve

Function: Eyeball movement

Roman Number: VI

Abducens

Functions of Cranial Nerves: Match Function To Nerve

Function: Facial expression, secretion of saliva and tears

• Taste from front of tongue

Roman Number: VII

Facial

Functions of Cranial Nerves: Match Function To Nerve

Function: Hearing, sense of equilibrium

Roman Number: VIII

Vestibulocochlear

Functions of Cranial Nerves: Match Function To Nerve

Function: Swallowing, secretion of saliva

• Taste from back of tongue, somatic sensations of oral cavity, blood-pressure monitoring

Roman Number: IX

Glossopharyngeal

Functions of Cranial Nerves: Match Function To Nerve

Function: Efferent output for skeletal muscles of pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box) and for smooth muscle and glands of thoracic and abdominal organs and for cardiac muscle of heart

• Afferent input from thoracic and abdominal organs, blood-pressure monitoring

Roman Number: X

Vagus

Functions of Cranial Nerves: Match Function To Nerve

Function: Efferent output for skeletal muscle of pharynx, larynx, neck, and shoulder

Roman Number: XI

Accessory

Functions of Cranial Nerves: Match Function To Nerve

Function: Tongue movement

Roman Number: XII

Hypoglossal