Chemistry 1110: Aqueous Solutions and Related Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and topics related to Aqueous Solutions from the lecture notes of Chemistry 1110.

What are the components of a solution?

A solution is composed of a solute and a solvent.

Define a saturated solution.

A saturated solution is one that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.

What is molarity?

Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

What is the formula for calculating molarity?

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution.

What is a precipitation reaction?

A precipitation reaction occurs when two soluble salts react in solution to form an insoluble salt, known as a precipitate.

What do you understand by net ionic equations?

Net ionic equations show only the ions that participate in a reaction, excluding spectator ions.

What are electrolytes?

Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions in solution and can conduct electricity.

Define dilution in chemistry.

Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, typically by adding more solvent.

What is oxidation in a chemical reaction?

Oxidation is the process in which a substance loses electrons, resulting in an increase in oxidation state.

Define reduction in terms of electron transfer.

Reduction is the gain of electrons by a substance, resulting in a decrease in oxidation state.

What happens in an acid-base neutralization reaction?

In an acid-base neutralization reaction, an acid and a base react to produce water and a salt.

What is the relationship between oxidation numbers and redox reactions?

In redox reactions, the oxidation numbers of the reactants change; oxidized substances increase their oxidation number, while reduced substances decrease theirs.

What is the purpose of a titration?

A titration is used to determine the concentration of a solute in a solution by reacting it with a reagent of known concentration.

What does ViMi = VfMf represent?

This formula represents the dilution of solutions, where Vi is the initial volume, Mi is the initial molarity, Vf is the final volume, and Mf is the final molarity.

What does dissociation refer to in the context of ionic compounds?

Dissociation refers to the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves in water.

What are the major types of reactions analyzed in Chapter 8?

Chapter 8 focuses on precipitation reactions, acid-base reactions, and redox reactions.

How do you calculate net ionic equations?

To calculate net ionic equations, remove the spectator ions from the complete ionic equation.

What distinguishes acids from bases in aqueous solutions?

Acids release H+ ions in solution, while bases produce OH- ions.

Define solute in the context of solutions.

A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.

What is the key characteristic of unsaturated solutions?

Unsaturated solutions contain less solute than the maximum that can dissolve.

What kind of problems can be found starting on page 361 of the notes?

Practice problems related to molarity, dilution, net ionic equations, and electrolytes.

What is the main focus of Chapter 8?

The main focus of Chapter 8 is on aqueous solutions and their reactions.

In acid-base reactions, what products are typically formed?

The typical products formed are water and salt.

What does the term oxidation/reduction encompass?

Oxidation/reduction encompasses reactions where there is a transfer of electrons resulting in changes in oxidation states.