chapter 8 female reproductive system

chorionic

Pertaining to the outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo

galactorrhea

Abnormal, persistent discharge of milk from the breast

lactation

Normal production of milk from the breast

endocervicitis

Inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix

episiotomy

incision of the perineum

gynecomastia

Enlargement of breast in male

colposcopy

Visual examination of the vagina

amniocentesis

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the amniotic cavity

amniotic fluid

liquid produced by the fetal membranes; surrounding the fetus throughout gestation

inframammary

Pertaining to under the breast

hysterectomy

removal of the uterus

mammoplasty

Surgical repair of the breast

mastitis

inflammation of the breast

hysteroscopy

Visual examination of the uterus

mastectomy

removal of breast

oligomenorrhea

scanty menstrual flow

dysmenorrhea

painful menstrual flow

amenorrhea

absence of menstrual flow

menorrhagia

abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods

culdocentesis

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the area between the rectum and the vagina

Bartholin adenitis

Inflammation of Bartholin gland

Vulvodynia

pain in the vulvar area

myometrium

muscle layer lining the uterus

ovum

mature egg cell

neonatal

pertaining to a newborn

oocyte

immature egg cell

obstetrics

branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth

oophorectomy

removal of an ovary

oogenesis

formation of egg cells

myomectomy

Removal of a benign muscle tumor

metrorrhagia

heavy bleeding between menses

menometrorrhagia

Excessive uterine bleeding between and during menstrual periods

ovarian

pertaining to an ovary

oophoritis

inflammation of an ovary

salpingectomy

removal of a fallopian tube

perineorrhaphy

suture of the perineum

anovulatory

pertaining to no ovulation

vaginitis

Inflammation of the vagina

vulvovaginitis

inflammation of the vulva and vagina

pseudocyesis

false pregnancy

leukorrhea

whitish discharge from the vagina

menarche

Beginning of menses (first menstrual period)

oxytocia

Rapid labor and birth

menorrhea

menstrual discharge

primigravida

a woman who is pregnant for the first time

pyosalpinx

pus in a fallopian (uterine) tube

uterine prolapse

Falling, sagging of the uterus

vaginal orifice

Normal opening of the vagina to the outside of the body

dystocia

difficult or abnormal labor and delivery

primiparous

Pertaining to a woman who has given birth to one baby

Cephalic version

the fetus is turned so the head is closer to the cervix

involution of the uterus

The uterus returns to its normal, nonpregnant size

endometritis

Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus

dyspareunia

painful sexual intercourse

prenatal

pertaining to before birth

intrauterine

Pertaining to within the uterus

multipara

A woman who has had many births

multigravida

A woman who has had many pregnancies

nulligravida

A woman who has had no pregnancies

nullipara

woman who has never given birth to a child

primipara

a woman who going through her first pregnancy

retroversion

backward tilting (of the uterus)

parturition

Act of giving birth.

perimetrium

Outermost layer of the uterus; uterine serosa.

perineum

In females, the area between the anus and the vagina.

pituitary gland

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain. It produces hormones that stimulate the ovaries. The pituitary gland also regulates other endocrine organs.

placenta

Vascular organ attached to the uterine wall during pregnancy. It permits the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products between mother and fetus.

pregnancy

Gestation.

progesterone

Hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women.

puberty

Period of adolescent development at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced.

uterus

Hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs. The upper portion is the fundus; the middle portion is the corpus; and the lowermost, neck-like portion is the cervix.

vagina

Muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body.

vulva

External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice.

zygote

Stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation up to 2 weeks.

adnexa uteri

Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments.

amnion

Innermost membrane surrounding the embryo and fetus.

areola

Dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple.

Bartholin glands

Small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice (opening to outside of the body).

cervix

Lower, neck-like portion of the uterus.

chorion

Outermost membrane surrounding the embryo and fetus; it forms the fetal part of the placenta.

clitoris

Organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra.

coitus

Sexual intercourse; copulation.

corpus luteum

Empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell.

cul-de-sac

Region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus.

endometrium

Inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus.

embryo

Stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks.

estrogen

Hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics.

fallopian tube

One of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus; also called an oviduct.

fertilization

Union of the sperm and ovum from which the embryo develops.

fetus

Stage in prenatal development from 8 weeks to birth.

fimbriae

Finger- or fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes.

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum).

gamete

Male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum.

genitalia

Reproductive organs; also called genitals.

gestation

Time period from fertilization of the ovum to birth; pregnancy

gonad

Female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis.

gynecology

Study of the female reproductive organs, including the breasts.

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone.

hymen

Mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina.

labia

Lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips.