History of Evolutionary Thought

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on the history of evolutionary thought, focusing on Darwin's theories and observations.

Prevailing view of evolution in 1800s Europe

The widely accepted ideas about species and evolution during this time emphasized static species and natural theology.

Hypothesis of gradual and consistent geologic change

Proposed that geological changes occur slowly over time; main proponent was James Hutton.

Darwin's voyage evidence

Darwin gathered evidence supporting evolution through observations of species diversity and adaptations in different environments during his voyage.

Biogeographical patterns

Patterns observed by Darwin concerning species distribution that support evolutionary theory, such as endemic species on isolated islands.

Principle of succession

The concept that fossil species succeed each other in a definite and recognizable order, providing evidence for descent with modification.

Artificial selection

The process by which humans breed specific traits in organisms, contrasting with natural selection and enhancing Darwin's understanding of evolution.

Dispersal

The movement of organisms to new habitats, leading to population establishment in diverse environments.

Adaptive radiation

The evolution of many species from a single ancestral species into various forms adapted to distinct environments, exemplified by Galapagos finches.

Local adaptation

The process by which populations adapt to their local environments, increasing differences and potentially leading to speciation.

Darwin's Origin of Species main ideas

1. Descent with modification; 2. Natural selection as the mechanism of evolution.