Digital Literacy Exam 2

system software

runs a computer or device, and includes other utilities

operating system (OS)

manages the operation of a device and lets you interact with it

platform

the type of OS

(windows, IOS, etc.)

user interface

the way you interact with a device

- Graphical user interface

- natural user interface

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

interacting with a device by typing text

Natural user interface

interacting with a device with movements, etc.

software types

closed or open source

closed software

hidden, controlled software

open source software

software free from restrictions

roles of an operating system

- file and folder management

- main memory and virtual memory

- booting

- customize the user environment

- customize the device's hardware components

- manage windows (maximize, minimize, close, restore...)

- manage resources

- provide utilities

- adjust power settings

- allow virtualization (multiple operating systems)

- security and file protection

- file compression

- manage file names/placement/properties

popular desktop operating systems

- Microsoft Windows

- Apple mac OS

- UNIX and Linux (open source software)

- Google Chrome OS

popular mobile operating systems

- android (from google, based on Linux)

- iOS (from apple, specifically for apple "i" devices only)

primary software categories

system software and application software (app)

installation/access type categories

- native app

- portable app

- web app

- mobile web app

- mobile app

native app

installed directly on a computer or device

portable app

runs from removable storage such as a USB drive or external hard drive

web app

accessed over the internet from a web browser

mobile web app

accessed over the internet from a web browser running on a phone or tablet

mobile app

installed and runs on a smart phone or tablet

platform specific

written for a specific operating system (native and mobile apps are platform specific)

responsive design

web app adjusts automatically to different sizes of screens/devices

some web app advantages

- created/updated quickly

- access your information on the go

- voice input and smart on-screen keyboard simplify interactions

some web app disadvantages

- not as fast & fewer features than native apps

- poor design can turn people away

- typing on small on-screen keyboard can be cumbersome

typical productivity apps

- word

- spreadsheet software

- presentation software

- database software

- email, calendar, note-taking, etc

word apps

processing for documents

spreadsheet software

for numbers and calculations

presentation software

for slideshows

database software

for managing files and records

productivity suite

a collection of apps packaged together

Microsoft productivity suite

office:

- word

- excel

- powerpoint

Apple productivity suite

iWork:

- pages

- numbers

- Apple Mail

Google productivity suite

G Suite:

- Google Docs

- Google Slides

- gmail

Apache productivity suite

Openoffice:

- writer

- calc

- impress

database

a collection of data organized for access, retrieval, and reporting

Databases provide capabilities to:

- add, update, and delete data

- filter, sort, and retrieve data

- create forms and reports

Relational database management system (RDBMS)

consists of a collection of tables that have columns and rows

RDBMS rows

hold records

RDBMS columns

hold fields which each have a name and data type

query

extracts data based on specified criteria or conditions

report

user-friendly layout of database content

form

screen used to view, enter, or update a record

digital image formats

bitmap images and vector graphics

bitmap images

based on pixels (picture elements, dots) and their color

vector graphics

use mathematical formulas to represent shapes and their colors (best for resizing)

graphics app categories

- paint apps

- photo and image editing apps

- video editing apps

- drawing apps (usually use vector graphics)

types of cyber attackers

- script kiddies

- hactivists

- cyberterrorists

- state actor

- brokers

script kiddies

use others software or instructions because they lack knowledge or skills

hactivists

motivated by principles or beliefs, or want to make a political statement

cyberterrorists

attack a nation's computers or networks to cause widespread disruption or panic

state actor

launch government-sponsored attacks against enemies

brokers

sell knowledge of uncovered vulnerabilities to other cybercriminals

malware

malicious software

types of malware

- virus

- trojan

- ransomware

- keylogger

virus

infects a computer program or file and then reproduces itself

trojan

hides inside or along with seemly safe software

ransomware

prevents access to a computer or scrambles data until money is paid

keylogger

captures a user's keystrokes to obtian private data, passwords, etc.

social engineering

attacks on people (phishing, hoaxes, or typo squatting)

risks of data collection

- data about you is gathered and kept in secret

- the accuracy of data about you cannot be verified

- identity theft can ruin the accuracy of data about you

- data about you is often used by others to make important decisions about you

physical health risks

Repetitive strain injury (RSI) and eyestrain

behavioral risks

- technology addiction

- sedentary lifestyle

- psychological or mental health issues

- hindered social interaction

- cyberbullying

environmental risks

electronic waste (e-waste) containing toxic chemicals and heavy metals

relationship between security and convenience

inverse relationship

security increases, convenience decreases

security decreases, convenience increases

making strong passwords

- long

- mix letters, numbers, and symbols

- don't use dictionary words, repeated characters or sequences, or birthdays, names, etc.

- Don't use the same password for multiple accounts

- use a password manager

multifactor authentication (MFA)

combo of something you know (password, pin, etc) and something you have (phone, token, etc) or biometrics aka something you are (fingerprint, face, eye characteristic)

software patches

fix a bug or security weakness

- install automatically or promptly

best thing to safeguard against data loss

make a backup copy

some things to help prevent social engineering attacks:

- think before you click

- don't open unexpected attachments

configure web browsers and antimalware

Things you can do to personally protect your privacy and personal data:

- limit subscriptions to mailing lists

- limit posting of personal information

- give only necessary info when completing an online form

ergononmics

The applied science of workspace design for efficiency and safety