Unit 7.1 -7.7 Powerpoint

Czar

The title of an emperor of Russia before 1917.

Bolsheviks

A faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, which eventually became the Communist Party.

Lenin

Leader of the Bolsheviks and head of the Soviet state from 1917 until his death.

Bloody Sunday

A massacre that occurred on January 22, 1905, when peaceful protestors were fired upon by the Imperial Guard.

Proletariat

The working class, particularly referenced in Marxist theory.

Communism

A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless system and the collective ownership of the means of production.

Socialism

An economic and political system where the means of production are owned and regulated by the community as a whole.

Triple Alliance

An alliance formed in 1882 between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Triple Entente

A military alliance formed in 1907 between Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Militarism

The belief in building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization or military force.

Nationalism

A strong identification with and pride in one's nation, often leading to the desire for national independence.

Stalemate

A situation in which neither side in a conflict can gain an advantage.

Total War

War that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens.

Fascism

A far-right authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power and forcible suppression of opposition.

Appeasement

A diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power to avoid conflict.

Kamikaze

Japanese suicide pilots who crash their planes into enemy ships during World War II.

Lend-Lease Act

A policy allowing the U.S. to supply Allied nations with aid and defense materials during WWII.

Armistice

An agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended WWI, imposing heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

Manhattan Project

A secret U.S. project during WWII that developed the atomic bomb.

V-J Day

Victory over Japan Day, observed on September 2, 1945, when Japan formally surrendered, ending WWII.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended WWI, imposing harsh reparations and territorial losses on Germany, contributing to WW2.

Economic depression

Global economic downturn during the 1930s that led to widespread unemployment and social unrest, paving the way for extremist parties.

Rise of totalitarian regimes

The emergence of dictatorial governments in Germany (Hitler), Italy (Mussolini), and Japan that pursued aggressive expansion.

Militarization of Germany

Germany's rearmament and violation of the Treaty of Versailles, leading to increased tensions in Europe.

Appeasement policy

The strategy of allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked, culminating in the Munich Agreement.

Expansionist ideology

The belief held by fascist regimes that their nation had the right to expand its territory, particularly seen in Nazi Germany.

Non-Aggression Pact

A treaty signed between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 that allowed for the invasion of Poland.

Spanish Civil War

Conflict that served as a testing ground for fascist tactics and alliances, influencing WWII events.

Propaganda and ideology

Use of propaganda by totalitarian regimes to promote nationalist and militarist ideologies leading to war.

Sudetenland crisis

The dispute between Czechoslovakia and Germany over the Sudetenland region, exacerbating European tensions.