1. Dental Anatomy and Nomenclature

brachydont

What term is describes animals as having short crowns, well-developed roots, and only narrow canals in the roots? This term also means that these animals have short teeth. Cats, dogs, primates, and humans have this type of teeth.

hypsodont

What term describes animals as having high crowns that erupt throughout life providing extra material for grinding food particulates down. These animals have very long teeth that continuously grow for life. Cows, horses, and other herbivores have this type of teeth.

root

Anything below the gingiva is part of the _____.

crown

Anything above the gingiva is part of the _____.

cusp

What part of the tooth is a pronounced point on the occlusal or most coronal portion of a tooth?

enamel

Which structure is the hardest substance in the body? It covers the tooth crown and is made from hydroxyapatite crystals.

apex

What structure describes where the root of the tooth comes out?

dentin

Which structure is made from specialized connective tissue and supports and protects the tooth and pulp?

neck

The cementoenamel junction is also known as what?

96%

Enamel is what % mineral by weight? (hydroxyapatite crystals)

ameloblasts

Enamel is formed by what cells?

when the tooth erupts

Amelogenesis (formation of enamel) stops when? The enamel that the animal has is all they enamel they will get.

cats and dogs mainly use their teeth for the shearing forces rather than chewing

Why do cats and dogs have a thinner enamel layer than humans?

enamel

Which part of the tooth is an effective barrier to heat/cold/sweet sensitivities and bacterial entrance into the tooth?

dentin

What structure makes up the bulk of the tooth? It is made up of a bunch of tiny tubules. If these tubules are exposed, the tooth is sensitive and can become contaminated. It is made up mostly of mineral and is produced throughout the life of the tooth.

odontoblasts

Dentin is produced by what cells throughout the life of the tooth?

thicker

Dentin gets [thicker/thinner] with age.

secondary

Odontoblasts lining the pulp chamber and root canal produce [primary/secondary/tertiary] dentin, causing the pulp to become narrower as the animal ages.

tertiary

[primary/secondary/tertiary] dentin is the reparative dentin. When enamel and dentin are gradually lost as the result of an insult (ex: mechanical wear), existing odontoblast-like cells produce this to protect the pulp.

cementum

Which structure covers the outer surface of the root (below gingiva)? The periodontal ligament and gingiva attach to this. The width increases with age. Loss of this structure prevents reattachment of the periodontal ligament.

cementoblasts

Which cells produce cementum (produced at the apex of the root)?

hypercementosis

Chronic irritation can cause _____ and "lock" the tooth into the alveolar socket.

periodontal ligament

Which structure is the connective tissue which fills the space between tooth and alveolar bone? It is composed of horizontal fibers (collagen bundles in various shapes and orientations).

Functions:

- shock absorber

- transmit occlusal forces

- attaches tooth to bone

- supplies nutrients

- provides tactile and proprioceptive info (sensory)

Sharpey's fibers

The periodontal ligament is composed of horizontal fibers. What are they called?

pulp

Which structure is the soft tissue connective tissue containing nerves, blood, and odontoblasts which produce dentin? More of this is present in young teeth.

pulp canal

We need to know the difference between the pulp canal and the root canal. Which is above the gumline?

root canal

We need to know the difference between the pulp canal and the root canal. Which is below the gumline?

1. alveolar bone

2. cementum

3. gingiva

4. periodontal ligament

The periodontium consists of what 4 structures? These structures are affected by, and ultimately lost from periodontal disease/gingivitis.

gingival sulcus

What structure is the normal, physiological space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface? This is the area where we floss and probe.

dogs

Which animal normally has a deeper gingival sulcus depth: cats or dogs?

apical

Which term describes an area toward the apex of the root?

coronal

Which term describes an area toward the tip of the crown?

subgingival

Which term describes an area or structure apical to the gingival margin? Up underneath the gingival margin.

supragingival

Which term describes an area or structure coronal to the gingival margin?

proximal

Which term describes mesial or distal surfaces of a tooth in close contact with an adjacent tooth?

interproximal

Which term describes the space between the adjacent tooth? This is where food will get stuck between teeth.

occlusal

What term describes the surface of a tooth that faces the tooth of the opposing arcade?

vestibular

Which term refers to the surface of the tooth facing the vestibule or lips? Buccal and labial are acceptable alternatives.

lingual

Which term describes the surface of a mandibular tooth facing the tongue?

palatal

Which term describes the surface of a maxillary tooth facing the palate?

mesial

Which term describes the interproximal surface of a tooth that faces rostrally or towards the midline of the dental arch?

distal

Which term describes the interproximal surface of a tooth that faces caudally or away from the midline of the dental arch?

rostral

Which term refers to a structure closer to, or a direction toward the tip of the nares?

caudal

Which term refers to a structure closer to, or a direction toward the tail?

molars

Even when all of the deciduous teeth have erupted, kittens and puppies still do not have which teeth?

PM1/05

Which premolar is missing on both the maxilla and mandible of puppies?

True

T/F: In canines and felines, all incisors only have 1 root.

mandibular symphysis

Which structure is a fibrocartilaginous structure that may appear on radiographs as if it is not fused?

True

T/F: There are no 3 rooted teeth on the mandible of the dog.

4-6 weeks

When do the canine deciduous incisors erupt?

3-5 weeks

When do the canine deciduous canines erupt?

5-6 weeks

When do the canine deciduous premolars erupt?

3-5 months

When do the canine permanent incisors erupt?

5-7 months

When do the canine permanent canines erupt?

4-6 months

When do the canine permanent premolars erupt?

5-7 months

When do the canine permanent molars erupt?

105, 110, 205, 210, 305, 306, 310, 311, 405, 406, 410, 411

Which teeth are "missing" in cats as compared to dogs?

3-4 weeks

When do the feline deciduous incisors erupt?

3-4 weeks

When do the feline deciduous canines erupt?

5-6 weeks

When do the feline deciduous premolars erupt?

3-4 months

When do the feline permanent incisors erupt?

4-5 months

When do the feline permanent canines erupt?

4-6 months

When do the feline permanent premolars erupt?

5-7 months

When do the feline permanent molars erupt?

04

Canine teeth are always what number?

09

1st molars are always what number?

canines and carnassials

Which teeth are known as the strategic teeth?

maxillary PM4 & mandibular M1 (108 & 208, 309 & 409)

Which teeth are known as the carnassial teeth?

cementum

Which structure attaches to the bone by way of the periodontal ligament?

primary

Which type of dentin is being described?

- present before the tooth erupts

secondary

Which type of dentin is being described?

- present as/after the tooth erupts

tertiary

Which type of dentin is being described?

- reparative

- present after the tooth is broken/worn/damaged

- makes the tooth solid

- generally don't want to remove the tooth if this is present

dentin

The tooth may become sensitive when what structure is exposed? The sensation comes through the nerves through the pulp cavity.

Crown

What structure is represented by #1?

Root

What structure is represented by #2?

Pulp

What structure is represented by #3?

Cementum

What structure is represented by #4?

Cusp

What structure is represented by #5?

enamel

What structure is represented by #6?

Dentin

What structure is represented by #7?

cementoenamel junction (neck)

What structure is represented by #8?

Gingiva

What structure is represented by #9?

periodontal ligament

What structure is represented by #10?

Alveolar bone

What structure is represented by #11?

Apex

What structure is represented by #12?

Enamel or dental bulge

1

Which set of teeth belongs to a younger dog?

pulp chamber

What structure is represented by #1?

Root canal

What structure is represented by #2?

Apical junction

What structure is represented by #3?

periodontal ligament

What structure is represented by #1?

Alveolar bone

What structure is represented by #2?

Cementum

What structure is represented by #4?

Gingiva

What structure is represented by #6?

Dentin

What structure is represented by #7?

Enamel

What structure is represented by #8?

Apical delta

What structure is represented by #9?

Root canal

What structure is represented by #10?

Pulp cavity

What structure is represented by #12?

cementoenamel junction (neck)

What structure is represented by #13?