Role of the individual

Hippocrates

Four humours, diet and rest for recovery, Hippocratic oath

Galen

Animal dissections, checking pulses, his work became standard us university medical text

Avicenna

Saved lost knowledge in his book canon of medicine

Arderne

Battlefield surgeon in 100 year war, fistulas, 50% success rate, speedy amputations, Practica, good bedside manner

Vesalius

Dissections, corrected Galen (blood flow), anatomy

Pare

Artificial limbs, rose oil egg yolk turpentine, ligatures instead of cauterisation

Harvey

On the motion of the heart, blood circulates around body, worked on amphibians, contradicts Galen, heart works as pump

Hunter

Taught Jenner, dentistry, veneral disease, gunshot wounds, experimented on himself with gonnorhoea germs, worked in seven years war

Jenner

Small pox vaccine

Pasteur

Germ theory

Koch

Different bacteria cause different disease

Erlich

Magic bullet for syphillis Salvarsan 606

Liston

Great surgeon, removed limbs in 28 seconds

Simpson

Chloroform as anaesthetic

Lister

Antiseptic surgery, carbolic acid

Chamberland

Steam sterliser for medical instruments

Neuber

First sterile operating theatre

Halsted

Made his team wear surgical gloves

Moyniham

Surgical gowns for surgery

Nightingale

Nurse in Crimean war, decreased infant mortality rate

Chadwick

Proposed public health act 1848

Snow

Cholera, proved importance of clean water

Fleming

Penicillin

Florey & chain

Produced and developed penicillin

Booth

Identified link between poverty and high death rate

Rowntree

Invented the poverty line, inspired by booth but in York

Lloyd George

Reforms: School meals, medical inspection for children, pensions, national insurance, housing laws, free medical treatment for children in schools

Beveridge

1943 report recommended free national health service

Bevan

Created NHS

Gillies

Treated facial injuries in WWI and is father of plastic surgery

Mcindoe

Treated burns victims in WW2

Watson & crick

DNA in double helix