Chapter 24: An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism (1874-1914)

Chapter 24 AP European general flashcards

Modernity

An era characterized by the rise of modern science, rationality, and industrialization.

Social Darwinism

The application of Darwin's theory of evolution to sociology, justifying inequalities among social groups.

Zionism

A nationalist movement for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Relativity Theory

Albert Einstein's theory stating that time and space are relative to the observer.

Freudian Psychology

The study of the unconscious mind, emphasizing repressed desires and instincts as determinants of behavior.

Impressionism

An art movement that seeks to capture the effects of light and color in outdoor scenes and everyday life.

Psychoanalysis

A therapeutic method founded by Sigmund Freud, aimed at uncovering unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Cultural Modernism

A cultural movement rejecting traditional forms in favor of new styles that reflect modern life.

Suffrage

The right to vote in political elections.

Anti-Semitism

Prejudice against, hatred of, or discrimination against Jews.

Militarism

The belief in building up a strong armed forces to prepare for war.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization or military force.

Electric Lights

A modern technology that revolutionized public and private life in urban areas.

The Eiffel Tower

A symbol of modernity and engineering achievement, built for the 1889 World's Fair.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests of a particular nation, often leading to the desire for independence.

Industrialization

The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale.

Cinematography

The art of motion picture photography, which emerged as a new form of entertainment in the modern era.

Feminism

A movement for advocating women's rights and equality.

The Dreyfus Affair

A political scandal in France that involved the wrongful conviction of a Jewish army officer, highlighting anti-Semitism.

The Triple Alliance

A military alliance formed in 1882 between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

The Triple Entente

An alliance formed between France, Russia, and Britain in response to the perceived threat from the Triple Alliance.

Cultural Crisis

The sense of uncertainty and anxiety prevalent in Europe before World War I due to rapid social changes.

Oedipus Complex

A psychoanalytic theory proposed by Freud describing a child's feelings of desire for their opposite-sex parent.

Freud's Id, Ego, Superego

Freud's model of the psyche consisting of the id (instinctual desires), ego (rational self), and superego (moral conscience).

Bloody Sunday

A pivotal event in 1905 Russia where peaceful protesters were shot by the tsar's troops, leading to widespread unrest.

The Boer War

A conflict between the British Empire and two Boer republics in South Africa from 1899 to 1902, which highlighted issues of colonialism.

Post-Impressionism

An art movement that extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations, focusing on structure and form.

Cubism

An avant-garde art movement pioneered by Picasso, focusing on geometric shapes and fragmented perspectives.

Abstract Painting

An art form that does not attempt to represent external reality but seeks to achieve its effect using colors and forms.

Political Democracy

A system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives.

National Liberation Movements

Movements aiming to create or restore a nation for a specific group of people, often in response to colonial rule.

The Great Migration

The mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North for better opportunities.

The Vienna Congress

A conference held in 1815 to negotiate peaceful solutions to the political instability in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.

The Rise of Women in Politics

The gradual increase in women's participation in political movements and the push for suffrage rights.

The Russian Revolution of 1905

An uprising that exposed the weaknesses of the Russian monarchy and ultimately led to the eventual revolution of 1917.

Second Industrial Revolution

A phase of rapid industrialization from the late 19th century to early 20th century characterized by advancements in technology.

Effects of World War I

Major political, social, and economic disruption that led to the transformation of many nations and the collapse of empires.

The Paris Peace Conference

The 1919 meeting of the Allied victors to set the terms for the peace settlements after World War I.

The Meiji Restoration

A period of rapid modernization and industrialization in Japan starting in 1868.

The Afro-Asiatic Perspective

An analytical view often ignored in Western discourse, highlighting the importance of non-Western viewpoints.

Post-Colonial Theory

Analyses the cultural, political, and social impacts of colonialism after the end of colonial rule.

European Nationalism

A political ideology emphasizing the interests and culture of one's nation, which significantly influenced 19th-century politics.

Historical Materialism

A methodology in Marxist theory that focuses on material conditions and economic factors as the primary influences on historical development.

The Emergence of Mass Politics

The development of political systems that incorporated broader participation by the populace, particularly workers and women.

Zionist Congress

The first international gathering of Zionist leaders that aimed at creating a Jewish homeland, held in 1897.

Anti-Clericalism

Opposition to religious institutions or their influence, particularly significant in European politics since the Enlightenment.

Global Economy

A system of economic activity that transcends national borders and integrates local economies into a global market.

Balkan Tensions

The nationalistic and ethnic conflicts in the Balkans that contributed significantly to the outbreak of World War I.

Radical Socialism

A political ideology advocating for radical reformation of society and the economic structures to achieve equality.

Labor Movements

Collective organizations of workers aiming to improve conditions, wages, and rights through various forms of activism.

Public Health Movements

Organized efforts to improve the health of populations, often led by non-governmental organizations.

Cecil Rhodes

A British imperialist and businessman known for his expansionist policies in southern Africa.

Cultural Mission

The belief that a nation has a duty to spread its culture and values to others, often used justifying imperialism.

Land Reforms

Changes in ownership or use of land, often aiming to redistribute land to improve agricultural productivity.

Mass Media

Forms of communication designed to reach large audiences, which emerged rapidly during the late 19th century.

Capitalist World System

An economic system where the production, distribution, and exchange of goods is driven by profit.

Militant Feminism

A form of feminism that actively seeks to achieve women's rights through strong, often confrontational methods.

Radical Nationalism

An extreme form of nationalism that promotes aggressive and sometimes violent actions to protect national interests.

When was the Eiffel Tower completed?

The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1889.

What year did the Russian Revolution of 1905 occur?

The Russian Revolution of 1905 occurred in 1905.

When did the Paris Peace Conference take place?

The Paris Peace Conference took place in 1919.

When did the Meiji Restoration begin?

The Meiji Restoration began in 1868.

When did the Boer War start?

The Boer War started in 1899.

What year was the first Zionist Congress held?

The first Zionist Congress was held in 1897.

When was the Second Industrial Revolution?

The Second Industrial Revolution occurred from the late 19th century to the early 20th century.

Albert Einstein

A theoretical physicist known for developing the theory of relativity, which revolutionized the understanding of time, space, and gravity.

Sigmund Freud

The founder of psychoanalysis, who introduced influential theories about the unconscious mind and human behavior.

Cecil Rhodes

A British imperialist and businessman known for his expansionist policies in southern Africa.

Pablo Picasso

A renowned Spanish painter and sculptor, co-founder of the Cubist movement, and one of the most influential artists of the 20th century.

Emmeline Pankhurst

A British political activist and leader of the suffragette movement, which fought for women's right to vote in the early 20th century.

Mahatma Gandhi

A leader of the Indian independence movement who emphasized nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience.

W.E.B. Du Bois

An African American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist who co-founded the NAACP and advocated for the rights of African Americans.

Marie Curie

A physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity and was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.

Leon Trotsky

A Marxist revolutionary and theorist, prominent figure in the Russian Revolution, who played a key role in the founding of the Red Army.

Woodrow Wilson

The 28th President of the United States, known for his leadership during World War I and for proposing the League of Nations