Health science 1 exam review

A small child was being chased by a large dog. Out of fear, the child ran really fast. Which hormone/gland enabled the child to get away from the dog?

Adrenal

A teenage girl that has undeveloped breasts and has not started her menstrual cycle indicates that a hormone deficiency exists. What hormone is deficient?

Estrogen

In an emergency situation, the "fight or flight" hormone will increase the heart rate and blood pressure. This hormone is:

Adrenalin

The endocrine disorder that could be prevented by using iodized salt is:

Hypothyroidism

Jack complained to his doctor about nervousness and weight loss even though he has had increased food intake. Laboratory tests revelaed that Jack had an elevated level of which hormone?

Thyroxin

The pituitary gland is located:

At the base of the brain

Hormone release provides immediate body responses because the hormones are directed toward:

Target organ cells

Terri has an excessive appetite but has trouble gaining weight. She also has exophthalmos. What disorder might she have?

Hyperthyroidism

Which gland is butterfly-shaped and located in the anterior neck on either side of the larynx?

Thyroid

Which gland is divided into anterior and posterior lobes?

Pituitary

The endocrinologist saw a ptient whose parents were concerned about their 8 year old child's short stature. The physician suspects that the child may have a deficiency in:

Growth hormone

Which gland is posterior to the sternum?

Thymus

The obstetrician instructs a new mother about the changes in her body. He/she explains that her breast milk production is the result of:

Selected:

Prolactin

On Jeffery's way to work he witnessed a traffic accident. His heart rate increased and his mental alertness improved as he assisted the victims. Jeffery's response resulted from the release of:

Epinephrine

The adrenal glands are located directly above the kidneys and are:

Divided into the cortex and medulla

Elsa has the appearance of a tan even during the winter months. During a physical exam, she had a low blood pressure and low blood sugar. These symptoms are indicative of:

Addison's disease

The patient had two of his parathyroid glands surgically removed. This procedure can lead to a condition characterized by muscle twitching and lead to seizures. The condition that the patient must be aware of is:

Tetany

An organ that produces a secretion called hormones is called a:

Gland

A 47 year old man went to see his doctor. When reviewing family pictures, the patient's wife noted that her husband had developed enlarged hands, lips and nose, and that his chin protrudes more than it used to. Following some laboratory studies, the doctor diagnosed the patient with:

Acromegaly

A 19 year old male that has not begun to develop chest hair, a deep voice, or increased muscle mass may be deficient in which hormone?

Testosterone

The pancreas is also an organ of the:

Digestive system

Liver damage, heart disease, testicular changes, and breast growth in males are symptoms of

Steroid abuse

Anna began to have contractions of the uterus in preparation for childbirth. What is the name of the hormone that initiated her contractions?

Oxytocin

Which endocrine gland contains the Islets of Langerhans?

Pancreas

Janie has hyperglycemia and is being treated with insulin. Which of Janie's endocrine glands is functioning inefficiently?

Pancreas

Jessica is experiencing hematuria. Which process of urine formation has been ineffective?

Filtration

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

Nephron

The Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, and the Loop of Henle are all parts of a:

Nephron

The patient in chronic renal failure is treated with hemodialysis. What renal function does hemodialysis replace?

Filtration

The patient sustained an electric shock when he accidentally touched live wires while cleaning up the yard following a severe storm. The shock affected his urinary function and resulted in oliguria and uremia. How will the patient's symptoms be treated if he develops anuria?

Hemodialysis

Dehydration has a direct effect on urine formation. The proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for correcting the water imbalance found with dehydration. What is this process called?

Reabsorption

The student presented at her doctor's office with complaints of dysuria, urinary frequency and lower abdominal discomfort. Upon examination, the doctor discovered that the student's hygiene was inadequate. Which organism MOST LIKELY caused the student's symptoms?

E-coli

Which structure is a hollow muscular sac?

Bladder

Jeremy is on the cross country team at school. He notices that after practice his urine is dark amber colored and he is voiding very small amounts. Jeremy has:

Dehydration

Dialysis involves the use of a device that rids the blood of harmful wastes by passing the blood through:

A semipermeable membrane

Urine leaves the kidney by way of:

Ureter

Mr. Burns had a stroke and has been urinating involuntarily. What is this condition called?

Incontinence

If kidney stones get too large, they can cause severe flank pain and hydronephrosis because they block the:

Ureter

Jack takes his blood pressure medicine every morning. After taking his medicine, he experiences urinary frequency. What type of blood pressure medicine is Jack taking?

Diuretic

The medical term for excessive urination is:

Polyuria

Mr. Gavin has had polyuria for several weeks. When he went to the doctor, his urinalysis was normal. Further studies revealed that Mr. Gavin had a disorder that affected the release of ADH. Which function of the urinary system was affected?

Reabsorption

Excessive substances in urinary filtrate, such as sodium and potassium, lead to their elimination. Which process of elimination is this urinary system function?

Secretion

The integumentary system is the body's first line of defense against harmful substances. This is an example of which function of the integumentary system?

Protection

The nerves, blood vessels, and glands are located in which layer of the skin?

Dermis

The evaporation of perspiration enables which function of the integumentary system?

Regulation of body temperature

The hair follicle originates in which layer of skin?

Dermis layer

Skin conditions caused by contact with allergens, frequent handwashing, or exposure to chemicals are classified as:

Dermatitis

Using a nitroglycerine patch to treat heart disease is an example of which function of the integumentary system?

Absorption

Sebaceous glands produce an increased amount of sebum during adolescence leading to which integumentary system disorder?

Acne

Which disorder can be prevented by not sharing towels and wearing shower shoes in the locker room?

Athlete's foot

Receptors for touch, cold, and pain present in the skin are responsible for which function of the integumentary system?

Sensory perception

The skin disease that is also classified as a sexually transmitted infection is:

Herpes simplex

The outer layer of hair is the:

Cortex

On the first sunny day, Jessica went to the lake and forgot to take her sunscreen. She returned home with redness but no blisters. She has a:

First degree burn

The matrix is the nail:

Bed

Courtney works in the kitchen at her dad's restaurant. She is preparing fries and drops the hot oil on her arm. Immediately a blister forms. She has a:

Second degree burn

Which fungal disorder can be prevented by practicing good personal hygiene?

Athlete's foot

The innermost layer of the skin is the:

Subcutaneous

Melissa's skin lesion has irregular borders, multiple colors, and is increasing in size. She visited a tanning bed frequently in the past. She should be evaluated for:

Melanoma

A viral lesion that can recur after removal is a:

Wart

The structure that is an appendage of the skin is:

Hair

The membrane covering of the brain is known as the:

Meninges

The nerve cell is a (an)

Neuron

The brain and the spinal cord are part of the:

Central nervous system

The part of the brain located below the cerebrum is the:

Cerebellum

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves are part of the:

Peripheral nervous system

A patient sustains a fall while getting out of the shower. Tests reveal damage to the inner most meningeal

layer. What structure was damaged?

Pia Mater

David is experiencing symptoms that include an inability to move and respiratory distress. His doctor is

concerned which disorder?

Spinal Cord injury

Sue is experiencing tachycardia, and dry mouth following an accident where she sustained an injury. After

a few hours, Sue's symptoms disappeared. Which nervous system structures were likely activated?

Autonomic nervous system

The lobe of the brain where voluntary muscle movement is coordinated is known as the:

Frontal

Melissa fell off a horse and was paralyzed as a result of significant injury to her spinal cord. Which

nervous system was damaged?

Central

Anna is recovering from a fight with Arianne. Anna's breathing is slowing down, her pulse is slowing, and

she is fatigued. What part of the nervous system is responsible for these changes?

parasympathetic

A viral disorder that leads to paralysis is rare in the U.S. as a result of our vaccinations. Which disorder is

almost eradicated in the United States?

Poliomyelitis

Joe, 78 years old, has started having tremors and gait shuffling. His family is worried that he is developing:

Parkinson's disease

Planning, recalling information, and decision making are all functions of the:

Cerebrum

Trey has symptoms of severe headache, nausea and vomiting. At the doctor's office, Trey had a lumbar

puncture. His doctor is concerned about which disorder?

Meningitis

Amy was in an automobile accident. Her spinal cord was severed and she sustained damage to her brain.

The medical staff at the trauma center understands that this substance might leak into surrounding

tissues. What is the substance?

Cerebrospinal fluid

Jo experienced hallucinations, seizures and temporary loss of consciousness. Her doctor diagnosed the

condition following an EEG which showed uncontrolled electrical activity of neurons. With which disorder

has Jo been diagnosed?

Epilepsy

Sarah has been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. She is experiencing a headache, fever, and stiff neck.

How will she be treated?

Antibiotics

Liz has trouble with appetite control, temperature regulation, and her weight. Which area of the brain is

affected?

Hypothalamus

The patient that sustained a spinal cord injury at the T10 level may have paralysis of the legs. This

disorder is known as:

Paraplegia

Jax is a high school student. He went to the doctor complaining of fatigue. The physician determined that Jax had enlarged lymph nodes in his neck and increased leukocytes. The physician diagnosed Jax with a viral condition called:

Mononucleosis

Noah is going to the nurse practitioner to receive his immunization for measles, mumps and rubella. What type of immunity to these diseases will he receive?

Artificial acquired immunity

The lymphatic structures that closely parallel veins are called:

Lymph vessels

The tiny, oval-shaped lymph structures located throughout the body are known as:

Lymph nodes

The lymphatic vessel that collects lymph from the left chest, abdomen and lower limbs is called the:

Thoracic duct

As Joe entered college, he developed enlarged lymph nodes that were not painful. He was shocked that he was diagnosed with a cancer called:

Hodgkin's disease

After falling to the floor with breathing problems and severe facial swelling the emergency medical team treated Lisa with:

Epipen

The largest lymphatic structure is the:

Spleen

North Carolina has strict immunization requirements for students to attend public schools. What benefits do vaccinations provide?

Artificial active immunity

Jane noticed difficulty moving, difficulty breathing and stiffening of her skin. She was diagnosed with which lymphatic disorder?

Scleroderma

Martha has a butterfly rash on her face. THis is a classic sign of which lymphatic disorder?

Lupus erythematosus

Evelyn recently recovered from a viral illness. She will not have this illness again because she has:

Natural acquired immunity

Josie went to the doctor after she noticed a rash every time she ate peanut butter. She was diagnosed with:

Hypersensitivity

Sarah has a fever and a cough. How does her lymphatic system respond to these symptoms?

Lymphocyte production

A lymphatic structure located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen is called the:

Spleen

A unique lymphatic structure that is located above the heart and decreases in size after puberty is the:

Thymus gland

The digestive disorder that could occur if a person abuses alcohol is:

Cirrhosis

Madyson presented in the emergency department with abdominal pain and nausea after eating a meal that was high in fat. Her symptoms indicate a diagnosis of:

Cholelithiasis

Eating a diet high in calcium will improve the health of your bones, teeth, and nervous system as well as:

Aid in blood clotting