urban forms

example of a post modern city

las vegas

What is the CBD (central business district)?

central area that contains shops, offices and entertainment facilities

What is peak land-value intersection (PLVI)?

the point in the CBD where the highest land values are

what is a satellite village?

villages within a close distance of an urban area which may have a strong link to the urban centre in terms of work places, shopping and services

what is urban form (morphology)?

the spatial structure and organisation of an urban area

factors affecting urban form

relief (flat land prevents flooding), drainage (well drained prevents flooding), power source (near a river)

what is bid rent theory?

different land users will compete with each other to get land closest to the CBD because central areas tend to have the best land and communication links allowing businesses to maximise profits

what does a distance decay model show?

as distance increases from the CBD cost of land decreases

main land uses are

residential, transportation, commercial, industrial, institutional and recreational

physical factors affecting placement of cities

coasts, rivers, topography/relief, resources, geology/soil type

characteristics of a post modern city

chaotic urban morphology, globalised- many international influences and fewer local stores and hotels etc, global institutes of capital and commerce, lots of international capital, celebration of past through historical references, service industries and quaternary dominate

what does post modern city describe?

changes that took place in western cities win the late 20th century, it reflects architecture, urban structure and s change in socio economic characteristics

how to reverse the decline in the city centre

provision of more attractive shopping environments, all weather shopping malls with cheap parking, encouraging specialist markets and cultural quarters, improving public transport lines, extensive use of cctv, constructing new offices, hotels etc to increase footfall

why has the CBD declined?

increased online shopping, increase in rent in cbd, out of town retail parks, regeneration of some towns and cities moving shopping elsewhere

symptoms of a declining town

vacant stores, charity shops, transiency of business, fast food stores, oak salons and Turkish barbers, decreased footfall

example of a mixed town development

Manchesters new great northern warehouse

example of a fortress development

Hulme park

What is a fortress landscape?

A landscape designed around security, protection, surveillance and exclusion

how did Hulme park use its fortress development to create a safe area?

it used passive surveillance to prevent the occurrence and fear of mugging rather than control entry to the area, this uses psychological rather than physical boundaries

examples of things used in fortress developments

cctv, railings and fencing around private spaces, mosquito alarms, effective use of street lighting, speed bumps to prevent joy riding

what are mosquito alarms

high pitched sound only heard by young people

what are edge cities?

self contained city which is beyond the edge of an original city that occurs as a result of urban sprawl and decentralisation

characteristics of an edge city

car based, willing to travel, on a major road interception, lacks clear structure, amenities moved out too, employment opportunities, social segregation of mainly middle class

example of an edge city

Tyson's Corner, Virginia

how many edge cities in USA?

200

in Tysons corner what established this edge city?

driven by a baby boom, malling of America, industry changed to white collar jobs, women started to work due to the availability of birth control, car ownership doubled between 1970 and 1987