gland and hormon secriton

Hypothalamus

sends chemical signals to pituitary (to send diffrent hormons)

Endocrine gland

-Secrete hormones directly into bloodstream

-Control physiological functions

affects mood reproduction

Hypothalamus

-Controls secretions of the pituitary gland

(stimulates pituitary gland)

-secrets regulatory hormones

Growth hormone (GH)

Anterior Pituitary gland

Growth hormone (GH) Function

cells metabolism and growth

can causes….

-Dwarfism: childhood (not enough)

-Gigantism: childhood (to much)

-Acromegaly: post puberty (to much) thickening and enlargement

GH

Controlled by tow releasing hormones from hypothalamus

(anabolic affect, increase protein synthesis)

Anterior Pituitary gland

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Function

Stimulates thyroid to release TH (thyrotropin)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Anterior Pituitary gland

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Function

simulates adrenal cortex

(released during stress, pain, fear, cold) (helps adapt)

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

Anterior Pituitary gland

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) Function

Stimulates melanocytes (controls skin pigmentation)

Follicle stimulating hormons (FSH)

Anterior Pituitary gland

Follicle stimulating hormons (FSH) Function

Female: Stimulates ovarian follicle (estrogen)

Male: Stimulates Sperm cell production (testasaron)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Anterior Pituitary gland

Luteinizing hormone (LH) Function

Preparing body for pregnancy

Females: stimulates ovulation

Males: testosteron production

Lactogenic hormone (prolactin)

Anterior Pituitary gland

Lactogenic hormone (prolactin) Function

stimulates milk production in females

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Posterior Pituitary Gland

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Function

-Increased water reabsorption in kidney tubules

-Deficiency results in diabetes insipidus

-Regulated thought osmoreceptors

Oxytocin

Posterior Pituitary Gland

Oxytocin Function

-Contraction of uterine smooth muscles (prior to enduring birth)

-Constriction of mammary gland cells (lactation) -milk let down

-Given after childbirth to constrict blood vessels to minimize risk of hemorrhage

Thyroid Gland

Thyroxine(T4) Triiodothyronine (T3)

Thyroxine(T4) &Triiodothyronine (T3) Function

metabolism

Increasing cellular O2 consumption, protein synthesis, glucose absorption

Calcitonin Function

Regulation of calcium and phosphate concentration( stimulates bone rowth)

Calcitonin

Thyroid Gland

Hypothyroidism

Thyroid Gland

Hypothyroidism Function

-Low/inadequate production of TH

-Cretinsim

• Reduced skeletal & nerve development in young

• Lethargic and unable to tolerate cold in adults

-Lowered metabolic rate

-Myxedema

• Subcutaneous swelling, dry skin, hair loss, muscular weakness, slow reflex

(primary cause is low iodine in the diet)

Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid Gland

Hyperthyroidism Function

High levels/production of TH

-Elevated metabolism

-Graves disease

• Exophthalmia

-Certain durgs/foods can block TH production

• Cabbage lentils soybeans peas and peanuts

Parathyroid Glands

-Located in within the proterior thyroid gland

-Chief cells secrete parathormone (PTH)

-PTH stimulates bone cell release of calcium and phosphate

Hyperparathyroidism

Parathyroid Glands

Hypoparathyroidism

Parathyroid Glands

Hypoparathyroidism Function

Low calcium level in blood

(impacts muscle and nerve tissue)

Hyperparathyroidism Function

-Breakdown of bone matrix

(bone becomes thin and brittle

Adrenal medulla

Adrenal Glands

Adrenal medulla function

-Epinephrine: Fight or flight, stress (glycogen metabolism)

-Norepinephrine (Found in aggressive animals)

Adrenal cortex

Adrenal Glands

Adrenal cortex Function

-aldosterone (controls water absorption in kidneys)

-androgens (secondary sex characterisitc)

-cortisol( anti inflammatory)

Beta cells

Pancreas

Beta cells function

insulin production

Alpha cells Function

glucagon production

Delta cells

suppresses release of glucagon and insulin

Thymus gland function

Located in sternum

Secretes thymosin (shrinks as we age)

Important for T cell production

Melatonin

Pinal Gland

Serotonin

Pinal Gland

Melatonin function

-Inhibits reproduction functions

-regulates body rhythms

-increases production by reducing daylight

Serotonin Function

neurotransmitter and vasoconstrictor

-stimulates smooth muscles contractions