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Describe the “Pope”

The Pope was seen as God’s representative on Earth. In medieval times, he had enormous religious and political authority - even influencing kings, who were hesitant to do anything that would upset him

Describe the “Cardinals/Arch Bishops”

Cardinals/Arch Bishops were senior administrators of the Catholic Church. They were very wealthy and advised the Pope and rulers of how to run the empire. They had the power to excommunicate people from the Church

Describe the “Bishops”

They were responsible for larger church districts known as dioceses. They controlled church courts, ruling as judges over cases involving clergy or church property. They also ruled over matters such as marriages and wills. They were wealthy and enjoyed a high social status

Describe the “Priests”

Priests were very well respected. They held church services or mass, and organised sacraments such as baptism and marriage. Without any other education, people attended their parish (Village) church every Sunday to learn lessons from the bible, as chosen by the priest. The priest was also responsible for collecting a tithe (a 10% tax) from all the peasants

Describe the “Nuns and Monks”

They spent their time worshipping Christ. They lived in monasteries or convents, separate from the community. They also ran schools and took care of the poor or sick. They managed libraries, preserving important documents and making copies of manuscripts such as the Bible. A monk’s shaved haircut, known as a “tonsure” was a rite of passage into the clergy, showing humility and devotion

Christianity’s influence over daily life

in a feudal society, people’s lives typically revolved around the activities of the village or town church. Christians followed the guidance of the Catholic Church from birth to death, and attended mass every Sunday. They learnt from Childhood how the Church expected them to behave and what they should believe. Obeying the church’s teachings helped to preserve the social order in medieval Europe, as it brought unity and stability. The Church also established religious festivals and holy days within the calendar for people to set aside to worship or honour saints

Name 3 effects of the Crusades that affected the lives of the people living in Europe

1. It brought a spread of new ideas, costumes and products (Such as food, spices and perfumes)

2. It increased trade between the West and the East, as items from the Silk Road were found at the Holy Land and poured into Europe through trading ports in Italy

3. The desire to explore and discover new ideas, which generated greater knowledge of science, medicine, mathematics and architecture

other info:

• They were responsible for weakening the feudal system which had been dominating Europe for centuries

• Changed the economy from a land based economy to a money based economy

• increased towns, turning them into cities

• thousands of fatal, brutal and bloody deaths, which lead to many families being affected and devastated