Musculoskeletal System Overview

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to the musculoskeletal system, including its components, functions, types of disorders, and essential nursing care.

What are the main components of the musculoskeletal system?

Bones, muscles, joints, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

What are the primary functions of the musculoskeletal system?

To give the body shape, facilitate movement, protect organs, produce blood cells, and store minerals.

Name the four types of bones.

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.

What layer of bone is the periosteum?

The outer layer of the bone.

What is the function of spongy bone?

It is lighter and contains bone marrow.

What are the three types of muscles?

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.

How do skeletal muscles work?

They work in pairs where one muscle contracts while the opposite muscle relaxes.

What is a joint?

Where two bones meet.

What are the four types of joints?

Hinge joints, ball-and-socket joints, pivot joints, and gliding joints.

What structure in joints prevents bone-on-bone rubbing?

Cartilage.

What is the purpose of synovial fluid?

To lubricate joint movement.

Differentiate between a sprain and a strain.

A sprain is a ligament injury, while a strain is a muscle or tendon injury.

What does the R.I.C.E. method stand for in treating sprains?

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.

What is osteoporosis?

A condition where bones become weak and break easily.

What are common musculoskeletal disorders?

Fractures, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, sprains, and strains.

What test is commonly used to assess fractures?

X-ray.

What is a common symptom of a fracture?

Pain, swelling, and loss of movement.

What is compartment syndrome?

A life-threatening condition where pressure builds up in muscle compartments.

What is the treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?

DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs), NSAIDs, and rest.

Define osteomyelitis.

An infection inside the bone, often due to bacteria.

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Stiffness, pain with movement, and limited mobility.

What does a DEXA scan measure?

Bone density for osteoporosis diagnosis.

What precautions should be taken for hip replacement patients?

Do not cross legs, use an abduction pillow, and avoid bending past 90 degrees.