chem unit 7 gas laws

1 atm is equivalent to

760 mm Hg

boyle’s law

at a constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely related

boyle’s law equation

P1V1 = P2V2

boyle’s law application

marshmallows expanding in a pressure vacuum, as pressure inside decreases then the marshmallow take up more volume and expand

charles’ law

at a constant pressure, volume of a gas directly relates to the absolute temperature, temperature must be in kelvin (add 273 to celcius)

charles’ law equation

(V1/T1) = (V2/T2)

charles’ law application

hot air balloon, as temperature of the air increases, the air’s volume expands and its density decreases lifting it up

avagadro’s law

a constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly related to the volume of moles

avagadro’s law equation

(V1/n1) = (V2/n2)

gay-lussac’s law

at constant volume, pressure and absolute temperature are directly related

gay-lussac’s law equation

(P1/T1) = (P2/T2)

gay-lussac’s law application

pressure in a tire wheel

combined gas law

if the moles of a gas remain constant, use this law and cancel out things that do not change, combines Boyle’s, Charles’, and Gay-Lussac’s laws

combined gas law application

scuba diving where pressure, temperature, and volume all change

combined gas law equation

(P1V1/T1) = (P2V2/T2)

Ideal gas law

r is the ideal gas constant, R= 0.08206 L atm / mol K

Ideal gas law equation

PV= nRT

daltons law equation

p(total) = (n(total) RT)/V)

partial pressure equation

P(partial pressure) = Xa(mol fraction)P(total)

mole fraction

number of moles of the mixture divided by the total number of moles present

real gases act like ideal in

high temperature and low pressures

u(rms)

root mean square velocity

root mean square velocity formula

u(rms)= square root 3RT/M (M is kg/mole); R= 8/3145 J/Kmol, u(rms) will be in m/s

average velocity trend

as temperature increases, average velocity and spread of velocities increase

graham’s law equation

effusion rate 1/effusion rate 2= square root M2/ square root M1