Liver Quizzam
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56 Terms
Liver cells are called…
hepatocytes
The other organ around the liver is the…
gallbladder
The cavities between hepatocytes are called…
sinusoid
The hepatic artery transports…
oxygenated blood, providing oxygen and nutrients to the liver
The portal vein transports…
deoxygenated blood, to be detoxified by the liver
Newly detoxified blood exits through the…
hepatic vein
¼ of the blood going through the liver is…
oxygenated
¾ of the blood going through the liver is…
deoxygenated
About ____% of liver tissue is made up of hepatocytes.
60-70%
Kupfer cells are apart of the RES and are responsible for…
breaking down RBC
Stellate cells are responsible for…
fat and vitamin A storage
The duct system lies between…
space of hepatocytes
The major functions of the liver include…
bile formation, detoxification, metabolism of fats/carbs, processing proteins, production of blood proteins
Bile is in charge of…
breaking down fat
The liver is involved in detoxification by…
liver enzymes breaking down toxins and drugs
The liver is involved in metabolism by…
breaking down carbs and fats into glucose
Excess glucose is stored in the liver as…
glycogen
Glycogen can be reversed back to…
glucose when needed
The liver is involved in processing proteins by…
converting proteins to glucose
The process of converting protein to glucose is called…
gluconeogenesis
A byproduct of the liver converting protein to glucose is…
ammonia
The following blood proteins are produced by the liver…
albumin, fibrinogen, globulin(s)
Albumin is involved in…
transportation, maintaining osmotic pressure
Fibrinogen is involved in…
clotting
Examples of globulins are…
immunoglobulins
Immunoglobulins are measured in titers, lowered levels may indicate…
liver, kidney, or intestinal disease
Albumin is tested during…
chemistry panals
When RBC are lysed, bile pigments are…
recycled
Lysed RBC releases…
biliverdin
Biliverdin is converted to…
unconjugated bilirubin
Unconjugated bilirubin has the following characteristics…
loose binding to albumin, not water soluble
Unconjugated bilirubin is conjugated by…
passing through the liver and converted by glucoromic acid
Conjugated bilirubin enters the gall bladder where…
50% travels into the intestines and return to the liver, 50% travels into the intestines and is converted to urobilinogen by bacteria
10% of urobilinogen will be…
excreted by the kidneys
90% of urobilinogen will…
remain in the intestines and convert to feces
Bile pigments are tested by…
chemistry panel
Chemistry panels will provide the following results for bile pigments…
total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin
Unconjugated bilirubin can be calculated by…
total bilirubin - conjugated bilirubin
Increased unconjugated bilirubin may indicate…
primary liver disease, high biliverdin, hemolytic disease
Increased conjugated bilirubin may indicate…
bile duct blockage, gall bladder complications
Clinical signs of increased conjugated bilirubin are…
jaundice because pigments are not being excreted through bodily waste
Cholestasis is described as…
improper flow of bile pigments within the gall bladder
The following liver enzymes are commonly tested in chemistry panels…
ALT, SD, AST, CK, AlkP, GGT, ammonium
The primary source of ALT in dogs, cats, and primates are…
hepatocytes
SD is liver specific in…
all domestic species
SD is _____ stable in the blood.
not stable
Samples should be assessed within in ______ to ensure accurate SD results.
12 hours
In most domestic species, AST is found in…
hepatocytes, RBC, cardiac/skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas
Because AST is found in various cells, results should be…
compared against other tested to identify the root cause
CK is described as…
muscle energy
Increased CK is associated with…
muscle inflammation
CK and AST can be run together to determine…
if changes in AST are related to muscle activity
Increased AlkP/AP is associated with…
gall bladder or bile duct issues
GGT is more commonly evaluated…
for large animal and compared to other liver enzymes
Ammonia tests are not…
routine or run in house
Liver disease with ammonia typically causes…
seizures due to ammonia build up in the bloodstream
