endo final

hyperparathyroidism causes

hyper secretion of PTH » bone breakdown into blood leading to hypercalcemia.

What are common age groups affected by hyperparathyroidism?

Affects individuals more commonly at ages 52 and 56, particularly women.

What are some signs and symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

Osteopenia, muscle weakness, poor concentration, neuropathy, metabolic acidosis.

What intervention is critical for patients with hyperparathyroidism during transfers?

They require special care to reduce the risk of bone injury and pathologic fractures.

Graves Disease is

a form of of hyperthyrodism

What are some clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?

Weight loss, insomnia, anxiety, feeling hot, exophthalmos, enlarged thyroid gland, a-fib, and tachycardia.

What medication is commonly administered for hyperthyroidism?

Methimazole

What are some clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?

Weight gain, feeling cold, delayed reflexes, constipation, fatigue, hair loss, and psychosocial issues.

hypothyroidism

Hashimoto- give levo

What systemic effects are associated with hypothyroidism?

Hyperlipidemia, orange/yellow skin color, anemia, and decreased fertility.

What is Trousseau’s sign indicative of?

hypocalcemia- demonstrated by hand spasms when a BP cuff is inflated.

What does Chvostek’s sign indicate?

It indicates hypocalcemia- where tapping the cheek causes twitching.

What factors contribute to hypoglycemia?

Excessive insulin, missed meals, Increased physical activity, Alcohol consumption

What are typical interventions for treating hypoglycemia?

Administer glucose tablets or glucagon.

What is a key teaching point for patients with diabetes insipidus?

They should limit fluid intake.

What is the onset of regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R)?

30-60 minutes.

What is the peak time for NPH insulin (Novolin N)?

4-12 hours after administration.

What is the duration of action for lispro insulin (Humalog)?

2-5 hours.

aspart insulin is a

short acting insulin that starts working within 10-20 minutes after injection.

What is unique about the peak of glargine insulin (Lantus)?

It has no peak; it provides a steady insulin level.

What are the risks associated with hypercalcemia?

Increased risk for kidney stones.

What systemic issues can arise with hypothyroidism?

Decreased kidney filtration and hyperlipidemia.

Name a common psychosocial concern in hypothyroid patients.

Depression.

What effect does hyperparathyroidism have on bones?

It leads to decreased calcium in bones, causing osteopenia.

What is a common treatment adjustment for patients on corticosteroids like Addisons?

Increased salt intake.

addison’s disease is

hypoadrenalism, a disorder where the adrenal glands produce insufficient hormones, leading to symptoms like fatigue, low blood pressure, and skin changes.

cushings disease is

hyperadrenalism, too much cortisol, weight gainand other symptoms such as hypertension, glucose intolerance, and moon facies.