endo final

Endocrine

Hyperparathyroidism: assessment findings

  • parathyroid hormone> causings bone breakdown into blood>> hypercalemia

  • (excess calcium-hypercalcemia causing a risk for kidney stones)- affects ages 52 and 56 more common in women.

  •  (signs and symptoms: osteopenia (not enough calcium in bones) , muscle weakness, poor concentration, neuropathy (numbness & tingling) , metabolic acidosis. 

Interventions: these kinds of patients need special care with transfers to reduce bone injury & pathologic fractures



Hyperthyroidism: Clinical manifestations (weight loss, insomnia, anxiety, always hot, exophthalmos, enlarged thyroid gland, a-fib may be present, and tachycardia)

  • HIGH looking eyes

    • High thyroid= jittery

    • Eyes popping

    • Give meth(med)

    • For the grave


Hypothyroidism: Clinical manifestations (weight gain, feeling cold, delayed reflexes, constipation, fatigue, lethargy, hypercholesterolemia, hair loss, brittle nails, puffy face, psychosocial concerns (depression, poor attention span, and sadness) ASSESS FIRST

  • Systemic effects: hyperlipidemia, orange/yellow color of skin, anemia, decreased fertility, and decreased filtration by kidneys

  • Hypo- give levo 

  • Addisons- ADD salt



Hyperadrenalinism: assessment findings

  • Cushings

  • Puffy face


Hypoparathyroidism: assessment findings - (uncommon disorder due to hypocalcemia or inadvertent damage with thyroid surgery or trauma) (signs and symptoms: muscle cramps, irritability, convulsions/seizure) 

*physical assignment techniques: trousseau’s sign (BP cuff on arm = hand spasmes) Chvostek’s sign (tap cheek & will keep  twitching) 

  • Hypo give levo


Hypoglycemia: contributing factors

  • Low blood sugar

Hypoglycemia: Interventions

  • Glucose tab

  • glucagon

Diabetes insipidus: teaching

  • Limit fluid intake

  • Adh intake


*Onset, peak, and duration of all insulins

  • regular (humulin R, Novolin R)  onset: 30-60 min  peak: 2-4 h  duration: 6-12 h 

  • NPH (novolin N) onset: 1-1.5 h  peak: 4-12 h  duration: 24 h 

  • lispro (humalog) onset: less than 15 min  peak: 30-90 min  duration: 2-5 h 

  • aspart (Novolog) onset: 10-20 min  peak: 1-3 h  duration: 3-5 h

  • glargine (Lantus, toujeo) onset: 60-70 min  peak: none  duration: 24 hr