Architecture History Quiz 3

Monastery Layout

• Chapter House - Meeting room

• Cloister - Courtyard

• Refectory - Dining hall

• Dormitories - Living space

• Chapel - Private religious space

Romanesque architecture traits

• Heavy

• Rose window

• Roman arches

• Vault ribbing

• West front for entrance

• Tympanum over entrance

Parts of a church

• Aisles

• Apse

• Choir

• Nave

• Ambulatory

• Transept

• Chevettes

• Crossing

Gothic architecture traits

• Gothic Arch

• Flying Buttress

Gothic eras

• Early Gothic - Plate tracery in windows, no outside windows in triforium

• High Gothic - Rayonnant Style, Decorated Style, glazed triforia, bar tracery in windows, band windows

• Late Gothic - Flamboyant Style, Perpendicular Style

English Gothic

• Square apse

• Length over height

• Decorative vaults including tierceron

• Concealed buttressing

• Smaller, square towers

• Double trancepts

• Less carving on portals

French Gothic

• Round apse

• Prioritized height

• Simple vaulting

• Flying buttresses

• Tall, thin towers

• Single trancepts

• Carved portals over west end

German Gothic

• Pierced towers and spires

Portal

An opening in a wall of a building, gate or fortification, especially a grand entrance to an important structure occasionally featuring a tympanum over top

Flying buttress

Architectural elements that support the weight of a structure, often supporting a heavy roof or dome and allow more light to be let in

Hammer beam truss

A timber roof system characteristic of English Gothic architecture, featuring short, projecting beams that support the roof rafters

Tiercerons

A type of decorative, branching vault

Gallery vs triforium

Triforium - Within the wall structure and serves primarily aesthetic and structural purposes

Gallery - Projects into the church space and serve practical congregational needs

Piano nobile

Second floor in the US, main floor in Renaissance Europe

Palladio

Wrote influential architectural books, served Venice and the Veneto

Palladianism

A European architectural style that emphasizes symmetry, rational geometric forms, and classical elements

Palatine Chapel

Carolingian

Speyer Cathedral

Romanesque

Mainz Cathedral

Romanesque

Beauvais Cathedral

Gothic

Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral

Gothic

Chartres Cathedral

Gothic

Sainte Chapelle Chapel

Gothic

Salisbury Cathedral

Gothic

Cologne Cathedral

Gothic

Florence Duomo

Renaissance

Il Redentore

Renaissance

Villa Rotunda

Renaissance

St. Peter’s

Renaissance

Farnese palace

Renaissance

Chateau de Chambord

Renaissance

Brunelleschi

Italian architect, designer, goldsmith and sculptor considered to be a founding father of Renaissance architecture (Florence Duomo, San Lorenzo)

Bramante

Pioneering architect of the High Renaissance style, particularly in Rome, where he introduced new designs and proportions based on classical antiquity (plans for St. Peter's Basilica formed the basis of the design executed by Michelangelo)

Michelangelo

Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance (finished St. Peter’s)

Palladio

Italian Renaissance architect active in the Venetian Republic (Il Redentore, Villa Rotunda)