Class 8-1: Animal Nutrients

what is nutrition in animals?

the process of conversion of organic material

where is energy stored?

in fats!

what is the nutrient pathway?

• ingestion - food is taken in

• digestion - food is broken down

• absorption - nutrients absorbed

• elimination - waste is removed 

what takes place in the mouth and what enzymes are introduced here?

• mechanical & chemical food processing

• break down of lipids & carbs

• salivary amylase & lipase

what takes place in the esophagus and what enzymes are introduced here?

• transport bolus to stomach by peristalsis 

• no enzymes introduced here

what takes place in the stomach and what enzymes are introduced here?

• mechanical & chemical food processing

• breaks down proteins to peptides & fats to glycerol + fatty acids (HCl)

• pepsin & gastric lipase (+HCl & mucus)

what takes place in the small intestine and what enzymes are introduced here?

• digestion & absorption of nutrients

• carbs, proteins, fats broken down

• pancreatic amylase, lipase, trypsin & intestinal maltase, sucrase, lactase, + peptidases

what takes place in the large intestine and what enzymes are introduced here?

• absorbs H2O & compacts waste to feces

• holds good gut bacteria

• no enzymes secreated

what takes place in the rectum and what enzymes are introduced here?

• stores feces & signals to release

• spincters used here

• no enzymes secreated

after absorbed in the small intestine, what do the nutrients do?

• break down to make ATP or stored for energy

• used to build molecules for growth and repair

explain what is transported in and out of the tract

4 ways of ingestion (feeders)

• fluid

• suspension

• deposit

• mass or bulk 

answer!

• on the left will be eating smaller fish with multiple small teeth to tear

• on the right will be eating algae or plants with large surface teeth to scrape

in mammals where does most of the enzynatic breakdown of macromolecules occur?

• small intestine

how does the structure of small intestine support its function of absorbing nutrients?

• big surface area (organ - length of small intestines & cell - micro villi)

• small diffusion distance between intestine lumen & blood

• transport proteins bring nutrients from digestive tract the blood

• x is active moving the glucose from low [] to high [] (w energy)

• y is passive moving glucose from high [] to low []

what does the kidney do?

• indirectly involved in food processing

• for filtering waste from blood

• regulating salt, water, & nitrogen levels

explain the parts of the large intestine

• colon: form feces by absorbing addition H2O & compacting remaining wastes

• rectum: storage location for feces until eliminated

in the 4 steps, what enzymes are active & where?