Ankle Joint+Arches of Foot

Ankle Joint

synovial joint

between

• talus

• tibia

• fibula

movement

• hinge-like

• dorsiflexion

• plantarflexion

Ankle Joint Socket Components

bracket shaped socket→formed by tibia+fibula

• roof of socket→inferior surface of distal end fo tibia

• medial side of socket→medial malleolus of tibia

• lateral side of socket→lateral malleolus of fibula

socket→articulates with talus

Stabilizing Ligamnts of Ankle

medial (deltoid ligaments)

lateral ligaments

Medial (Deltoid) Ligaments

4 parts

• tibionavicular part
  -medial malleolus of tibia→navicular

• tibiocalcaneal part
  -medial malleolus of tibia→sustenaculum tali of calcaneus

• anterior tibiotalar part
  -anterior portion fo medial malleolus of tibia→anterior portion of talus

• posteiror tibiotalar part
  -posterior portion of medial malleolus of tibia→posterior portion of talus

Lateral Ligaments

lateral side of leg+foot

from lateral malleolus of fibula→foot

3 parts

• anterior talofibular ligament
  -anterior margin of laterall malleolus of fibula→talus

• posterior talofibular ligamnet
  -medial side of lateral malleolus→posteiror portion of talus

• calcaneofibular ligament
  -laterall malleolus→calcaneus

Intertarsal Joints

synovial joints→between tarsal bones

allow for

• pronation

• supination

• inverting

• everting

major intertarsal joints

• subtalar

• talocalcaneonavicular

• calcaneocuboid

Subtalar Joint

between talus+calcaneus

movement

• inversion

• eversion

stabilized by

• medial talocalcaneal ligament

• lateral talocalcaneal ligament

• posterior talocalcaneal ligament

• interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

Talocalcaneonavicular Joint

synovial joint

between

• talus+calcaneus

• talus+spring ligament

• talus+navicular

allows for

• pronation

• supination

• ineversion

• eversion

Talometatarsal Joint

between

• metatarsals+adjacent tarsal bones

• articulation between midfoot+forefoot

allow

• limited sliding movements

• widest ROM→metatarsal of hallux+medial cuneiform
  -flexion
  -extension
  -rotation

Metatarsophalangeal Joint

between→metatarsals+bases of proximal phalanges

allow

• flexion

• extension

• limited abduction

• limited adduction

• limited roattion

• limited circumduction

reinforced by

• collateral ligaments

• plantar ligaments

Deep Transverse Metatarsal Ligaments

link heads of metatarsal together

metatarsals act as a single unit

Interphalangeal Joints

between phalanges

hinge joints

allows

• flexion

• extension

supported by

• collateral ligaments

• plantar ligaments

Fibular Retinacula

blinds tendons of fibularis longus+fibularis brevis to lateral side of foot

fiber retinaculum over tendons

extends from

• lateral malleolus of tibula→calcaneus

• calcaneus→calcanus

Flexor Retinaculum

connective tissue spanning depression

important for ID’ing structures

formed by

• medial malleolus

• talus

• calcaneus

Flexor Retinaculum Muscle Tendons Pneumonic

“Tom Dick AN’ Harry”

Tibialis posterior

flexor Digitorum longus

posterior tibial Artery

tibial Nerve

flexor Hallucis longus

Arches of Foot

feet are not flat

have longitudal and transverse arches

absorbs+distributes downward forces from body when standing

Longitudal Arch

between posterior end of calcaneus+head of metatarsals

highest→medial side of foot

lower→lateral side of foot

Transverse Arch

highest in coronal plane that cuts through talus

Arch Support

ligaments

• plantar aponeurosis

• plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (aka spring ligament)

• other ligaments

muscles

• tibialis anterior

• tibialis posterior

• fibularis longus