Year 9 Term 1 HPE Notes

Antagonistic Pairs

Antagonistic Pairs

________: The two muscles working together to create joint movements, Examples include biceps and triceps at the elbow joint, and quadriceps and hamstrings at the knee joint.

Cord

Tendon: ________ made of tough tissue which connects muscle to bone.

Bones

________ are 50 % water and 50 % solid matter and are living as they grow.

Atrophy

________ is the term used to describe muscle decreasing in size.

Hypertrophy

________ is the term used to describe muscle increasing in size.

skeletal system

The ________ provides the framework of 206 bones and provides levers for movement.

Antagonist

________: The muscle not doing the work by relaxing.

Reciprocal Inhibition

________: Skeletal muscles always work in pairs.

Agonist

________: The muscle doing the work by contracting.

Flat surfaces of bones

________ allow some gliding movement.

Joints

________: Occur when two or more bones meet or join together.

Physical activity

________ is any bodily movement performed by skeletal muscle at a substantial level above resting energy expenditure.

Isometric contraction

________ occurs when the length of the muscle doesn’t change when contracting to apply a force.

Isotonic contraction

________ occurs when the length of the muscle changes while applying a force.

Isotonic eccentric contraction

________ occurs when the length of the muscle lengthens while applying a force.

Synovial joints

________: Allow us to move and exercise with free movement in at least one direction.

Isotonic concentric contraction

________ occurs when the length of the muscle shortens while applying a force.

Bones

________ provide the levers for movement during physical activity.

Four domains of physical activity

Leisure, occupation, transport, and house and yard

Skeletal system

Bones

Muscular system

Muscles

Respiratory system

Lungs

Cardiovascular system

Heart and blood vessels

Long bones

Femur

Short bones

Carpals

Flat bones

Scapula

Irregular bones

Vertebrae

Sesamoid bones

Patella

Joints

Occur when two or more bones meet or join together

Synovial joints

Allow us to move and exercise with free movement in at least one direction

Tendon

Cord made of tough tissue which connects muscle to bone

Type 1 muscle fibres

Slow twitch fibres are small, red fibres that contract slowly but for long periods of time using oxygen

Type 2 muscle fibres

Fast twitch fibres are larger white fibres that contract quickly with lots of force to create fast and powerful movements

The function of skeletal muscle

When a skeletal muscle contracts, it pulls on the attached bone to create movement

Reciprocal Inhibition

Skeletal muscles always work in pairs

Antagonistic Pairs

The two muscles working together to create joint movements, Examples include biceps and triceps at the elbow joint, and quadriceps and hamstrings at the knee joint

Agonist

The muscle doing the work by contracting

Antagonist

The muscle not doing the work by relaxing

Type 1 muscle fibres

(Slow twitch) Are used for longer-duration activities of lower effort or force such as swimming, running or cycling continuously for 5 minutes or more

Type 2 muscle fibres

(Fast twitch) Are used for power, speed and strength activities such as sprinting, jumping and throwing