Overview of Substance Use Disorders and Treatments

Substance Use Disorder

Cluster of symptoms indicating continued substance use despite issues.

Substance Abuse

Pattern of substance use causing significant impairment.

Substance Dependence

Compulsive use with physical or psychological dependence.

Psychoactive Drug

Alters brain function affecting mood and perception.

Physical Dependence

Body's adaptation to a drug requiring continued use.

Psychological Dependence

Emotional cravings and inability to focus without drug.

Substance-Induced Disorders

Mental disorders resulting from substance use or withdrawal.

Substance Intoxication

Reversible condition causing maladaptive behavior after drug use.

Withdrawal Symptoms

Negative effects from stopping substance use, e.g., muscle pain.

Tolerance

Need for larger doses to achieve desired drug effects.

DSM-IV-TR

Previous diagnostic criteria for substance-related disorders.

DSM-5

Current diagnostic manual for mental health disorders.

Severity Specifiers

Indicate presence or absence of physiological dependence.

Alcohol Use Disorder

Problematic alcohol use causing distress or impairment.

Drug Use Disorder

Problematic use of illicit or prescription drugs.

Craving

Intense desire to use a substance.

Maladaptive Behavior

Behavior that disrupts daily functioning due to substance use.

Obligations Failure

Inability to meet responsibilities due to substance use.

Dangerous Use

Substance use in physically hazardous situations.

Relationship Problems

Ongoing issues in relationships due to substance use.

Social Activity Reduction

Decreased participation in social or work activities.

Efforts to Control Use

Attempts to reduce use that are unsuccessful.

Past Year Users

Individuals who used substances within the last year.

Any Mental Illness (AMI)

Mental health condition affecting daily functioning.

Serious Mental Illness (SMI)

Severe mental disorder impacting life activities.

Substance Use Disorder (SUD)

Problematic pattern of substance use leading to impairment.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5)

Standard classification of mental disorders.

Mild Substance Use Disorder

Two or three criteria met from DSM-5.

Moderate Substance Use Disorder

Four or five criteria met from DSM-5.

Severe Substance Use Disorder

Six or more criteria met from DSM-5.

Need for Substance Use Treatment

Having SUD or receiving treatment in the past year.

Substance Use Treatment

Includes inpatient, outpatient, and medication-assisted therapies.

Mental Health Treatment

Includes counseling and medication for mental health issues.

Telehealth Treatment

Remote treatment via digital communication platforms.

Inpatient Treatment

Residential care for substance use or mental health.

Outpatient Treatment

Non-residential care for substance use or mental health.

Medication-Assisted Treatment

Use of medications to treat substance use disorders.

Receipt of Treatment

Actual participation in substance or mental health care.

Adolescents Aged 12 to 17

Youth demographic for assessing mental health treatment needs.

Major Depressive Episode (MDE)

Severe depressive episode impacting daily functioning.

Rounding in Statistics

Adjusting numbers for clarity, may affect totals.

Substance Use Treatment Criteria

Eleven criteria used to diagnose SUD severity.

Past Year Data

Statistics reflecting the previous 12 months.

Percentage Calculations

Statistical representation that may not total 100%.

Substance Use Disorder Severity Levels

Classification based on number of DSM-5 criteria met.

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

Measure of alcohol in bloodstream, expressed as percentage.

Short-term Effects of Alcohol

Immediate impacts on cognition and motor skills.

GABA Receptors

Neurotransmitter receptors that inhibit brain activity.

Dopamine

Neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward.

Serotonin

Neurotransmitter influencing mood and cognition.

Glutamate Receptors

Involved in cognitive functions, inhibited by alcohol.

Binge Drinking Definition

Five or more drinks for males, four for females.

Heavy Alcohol Use

Binge drinking on 5 or more days in 30 days.

Legal BAC Limit

Maximum BAC for legal driving, varies by country.

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium

Severe confusion and agitation during alcohol withdrawal.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Disabilities caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy.

Cirrhosis of the Liver

Severe liver damage due to chronic alcohol use.

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

Chronic condition characterized by uncontrolled drinking.

Epidemiology of AUD

Study of alcohol use patterns in populations.

Current Alcohol Users

51.6% of adults aged 18 and older.

Binge Drinking Peak Age

Highest rates occur between ages 18-25.

Comorbidity

Co-occurrence of AUD with other mental disorders.

Nicotine

Addictive substance in tobacco, acts as stimulant.

Tobacco Use Disorder

Dependence on nicotine or tobacco products.

Motor Impairment

Reduced ability to coordinate movements due to alcohol.

Alcohol-Related Deaths

3rd leading cause of preventable death in the US.

Alcohol Amnestic Disorder

Memory impairment due to chronic alcohol use.

Long-term Effects of Alcohol

Chronic health issues linked to excessive alcohol consumption over time.

Tobacco-Related Deaths

490,000 Americans die prematurely from tobacco annually.

Smoking-Related Deaths

1 in 5 deaths linked to tobacco use.

Life Expectancy Reduction

Smoking lowers life expectancy by at least 10 years.

Quitting Smoking Benefits

Quitting before age 40 reduces death risk by 90%.

Lung Cancer Prevalence

90% of lung cancer cases caused by smoking.

Cancers Caused by Smoking

Includes larynx, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, cervix, stomach.

Cardiovascular Disease

Smoking exacerbates heart-related health issues.

Secondhand Smoke Deaths

Causes 40,000 deaths per year in the U.S.

Secondhand Smoke Exposure Effects on Babies

leads to premature birth, defects.

Smoker’s Children's Health Risks

face respiratory infections and asthma.

E-Cigarette Composition and Usage

These contain nicotine, flavorings, and harmful chemicals and users inhale the aerosol containing nicotine and toxins.

Nicotine Content in Vapes

A pod may equal 20 cigarettes worth of nicotine.

FDA E-Cigarette Regulations

E-cigarettes regulated like other tobacco products.

Vaping and Smoking Correlation

Young vapers more likely to start smoking cigarettes.

Marijuana Definition

Derived from dried leaves of Cannabis sativa plant.

Cannabis Use Disorder

Classified in DSM-5 for problematic marijuana use.

Marijuana Prevalence

21.8% of individuals aged 12+ used marijuana last year.

Marijuana Legalization

Legal in 24 states and DC for all uses.

Medical Marijuana Legality

Legal in 39 states for medical purposes.

California Medical Marijuana Law

First state to legalize in 1996.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Psychoactive compound in marijuana affecting brain receptors.

Cannabinoid receptors

Brain receptors that THC binds to, influencing perception.

Dopamine reward system

Brain system influenced by THC, affecting pleasure and reward.

Functional impairment

Reduced ability to perform tasks effectively.

Withdrawal symptoms

Physical and psychological symptoms after stopping marijuana use.

Chronic pain treatment

Marijuana used to alleviate long-term pain in adults.

Obstructive sleep apnea

Condition potentially improved by marijuana in short-term.

Multiple sclerosis spasticity

Marijuana may alleviate symptoms of this neurological condition.

Addictive properties

Increased potential for addiction due to stronger marijuana.

Driving risk

Marijuana use increases the risk of motor vehicle accidents.

Mental health complications

Heavy marijuana use linked to psychosis and schizophrenia.

Cocaine

Stimulant drug providing euphoria but highly addictive.