Unit 1 Vocab- History

Renaissance

A period of European cultural, artistic,political, and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages (generally described as being from the 14th century to the 17th century)

Humanism

A belief that human needs and values are more important than religious beliefs

Secularism

A system of political or social philosophy that rejects all forms of religious faith and worship. The view that public education and other matters of civil policy should be conducted without the introduction of a religious element

skepticism

Having an attitude of doubt

reformation

A 16th century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant churches

indulgence

(In the Roman Catholic Church) a grant by the Pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sins after absolution.

protestant

A member or follower of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches

predestination

the divine foreordaining of all that will happen, especially with regard to the salvation of some and not others

sect

A group that has separated from an established Church; a nonconformist Church

excommunication

The action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church

huguenots

French Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who followed the teachings of theologian John Calvin

theocracy

A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god

great schism

split the main faction of Christianity into two divisions, Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox. Today, they remain the two largest denominations of Christianity.

Justification by faith

In Lutheran belief, justification occurs through faith in Christ's righteousness and is a manifestation of God's grace. They believe that justification is independent of and in no way depends upon works performed, thoughts had, or attitudes cultivated by believers.

counter reformation

The period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation

Niccolo Machiavelli

Florence diplomat who wrote The Prince on how to get power and rejection of the church.

William Shakespeare

Playwright and Poet from London who wrote Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet.

Leonardo da Vinci

Studied Anatomy, astronomy, botany, and geology. Painted The Last Supper and Mona Lisa

Michelangelo

Painter and sculptor who designed Pope Julius II’s tomb and painted the Sistine Chapel. Also created the David.

Raphael

A painter well known for frescoes that painted Virgin Mary and Alba Madonna.

Donatello

sculptor; created Saint John the Evangelist

Giotto

Painter and architect; father of the Renaissance; introduced three-dimensionality, emotional expression, and a sense of natural space

Filippo Brunelleschi

Architect and designer; designed the dome of the Florence cathedral; rediscovered the principles of linear perspective in art