AP World History: Modern - Unit 1-2 Review Flashcards

Review flashcards for Units 1 and 2 of AP World History: Modern, covering the Global Tapestry (1200-1450) and Networks of Exchange (1200-1450).

The Song Dynasty expanded China's imperial _, a system where appointed officials carried out policies.

bureaucracy

Emperor Song Taizu increased educational opportunities for lower-class men, allowing them to score well on civil service exams based on texts.

Confucian

Rice, a fast-ripening and drought-resistant rice from Vietnam increased agricultural production in China.

Champa

Artisans produced goods like porcelain and silk, which were highly traded during the Song Dynasty leading to .

proto-industrialization

Scholars educated in Confucian philosophy became the most influential class of the Song Dynasty known as .

scholar-gentry

_ Buddhism emerged by combining Buddhist doctrines with Daoist principles, emphasizing direct experience and meditation.

Chan (Zen)

In Feudal Japan powerful lords controlling land were known as , unlike the centralized Chinese bureaucracy.

daimyo

The Sultanate in Egypt (1250–1517) facilitated trade in cotton and sugar, declining when Europeans found new sea routes.

Mamluk

The helped transfer knowledge of paper-making from China to Europeans.

Islamic Scholars

In Islamic society, Muslims could not enslave other but did enslave others, primarily from Africa, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe.

Muslims or monotheists

Islamic expansion into Western Europe was halted by Frankish forces at the .

Battle of Tours (732)

The __ empire was founded by two brothers, Harihara and Bukka, who reverted from Islam to Hinduism.

Vijayanagara

The _ was a Hindu kingdom on Sumatra, that prospered by controlling sea routes.

Srivijaya Empire (670-1025 CE)

The __ was a Buddhist kingdom on Java, that also thrived on maritime trade.

Majapahit Kingdom (1293-1520 CE)

The ___ (Angkor Kingdom) (802-1431 CE): Flourished near the Mekong River with sophisticated irrigation. Notable for Hindu and later Buddhist temples, like Angkor Wat.

Khmer Empire

The Mississippian culture was ruled by a chief called the .

Great Sun

The Mississippian society was __—social status was inherited through the mother’s side.

matrilineal

The Aztecs migrated to central Mexico in the 1200s and founded __ (modern Mexico City) in 1325.

Tenochtitlan

Conquered peoples paid tribute, including goods and luxury items to the Aztecs, which was known as the __.

Tribute System

The Inca empire was divided into four provinces, each with its own __.

governor

The Inca used __, mandatory labor service for men aged 15-50, including agriculture and road construction.

Mit'a System

The Bantu-speaking people migrated from west-central Africa, spreading agriculture and complex political structures across __ Africa.

Sub-Saharan

Unlike centralized Asian or European governments, Sub-Saharan Africa used ___ where families governed themselves.

kin-based networks

The people formed seven states in what is now Nigeria before 1000 CE. These states were connected by kinship but lacked central authority.

Hausa

The __ rebellion (869-883) was a notable revolt by enslaved East Africans.

Zanj

__ and musicians who preserved community history and advised on political matters. also known as oral historians.

Griots

In medieval Europe land was exchanged for loyalty and service which was known as __.

Feudalism

Large estates that were self-sufficient and included villages, churches, blacksmiths, mills, and peasants' homes were known as __ .

Manors

, were peasants bound to the land who could not leave or marry without the lord's permission.

Serfs

, limited royal power, and the first English Parliament was formed in 1265.

The Magna Carta (1215)

His travels to Asia (late 13th century) sparked curiosity about Asia and stimulated mapmaking, his name was ___ .

Marco Polo

Kievan Rus, a trading center in Eastern Europe, adopted ___ .

Orthodox Christianity

During the Han Dynasty, China advanced naval technology, including the _ compass, rudder, and the large, compartmentalized junk ship, which enhanced sea navigation.

magnetic

The, inns along the Silk Roads, provided resting places for travelers and their animals.

Caravanserai

China introduced new financial systems, including __, which allowed for easier transactions and inspired modern banking practices.

flying cash

The Hanseatic League in Europe also facilitated trade by protecting merchant routes and ___ in Northern Europe.

monopolizing goods

After converting to Islam, Hulegu supported massacres of Jews and Christians in The _.

Il-khanate

The Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in history.

Mongol

understanding the seasonal wind patterns (northeast in winter, southwest in summer) was crucial for navigation and timing voyages.

Monsoon Winds

The by Muslim navigators, allowed sailors to determine their latitude.

Astrolabe

States like grew wealthy by controlling trade routes and imposing fees on ships passing through strategic locations, like the Strait of Malacca.

Malacca

Along the east coast of Africa, traded ivory, gold, enslaved people, tortoise shells, peacock feathers, and rhinoceros horns.

Swahili City-States

_, had the greatest impact on trade,as camel sattles were capable of carrying loads up to 600 pounds.

Somali saddle

Mali’s founding ruler, known as the Lion Prince, established trade relationships with North African and Arab merchants, his name was _.

Sundiata

The dynasties became Buddhist centers with monasteries influencing governance.

Sinhala

islam spread through merchants, missionaries, and conquests, influencing _ language, turning Timbuktu into a learning center.

Swahili

Enhancements like ___, stern rudders, the astrolabe, and the magnetic compass improved navigation, spreading from Chinese, Indian, and Southwest Asian knowledge.

lateen sails

Encounter with and Islamic cultures increased European demand for Eastern goods.

Byzantine

His writings about China intrigued Europeans, Featuring its wealth and urbanization, his name was __.

Marco Polo

While the voyages opened new markets and curbed pirate activities, they faced criticism from scholars who viewed foreign interaction as a threat to social order.

Confucian

European traders often interacted with __ merchants, who traditionally managed local markets and financial transactions in Southeast Asia.

female