Plant Taxonomy and Anatomy Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering plant taxonomic hierarchy, structural characteristics, non-vascular and vascular transport systems, and reproduction.

Cryptogams

Plants that do not produce seeds, encompassing algae, bryophytes, and pteridophytes.

Phanerogams

Plants that produce seeds, encompassing gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Chlorophyta

A group of algae within Cryptogams that have no true roots, stems, or leaves.

Bryophyta

A group of non-vascular plants including mosses and liverworts that possess some root-like and leaf-like structures.

Pteridophyta

Spore-forming vascular plants including ferns and horsetails that possess true roots, stems, and leaves.

Gymnosperms

Non-flowering seed plants (Phanerogams) that include conifers, ginkgos, and cycads.

Angiosperms (Magnoliophyta)

Flowering seed plants (Phanerogams) such as roses and tulips.

Pinophyta

A division of gymnosperms characterized by needle-like leaves, commonly known as conifers.

Ginkgophyta

A division of gymnosperms characterized by wide leaves, represented by ginkgos.

Cycadophyta

A division of gymnosperms characterized by wide leaves, represented by cycads.

Vascular (Etymology)

Derived from Latin 'vas' (vessel, container) and diminutive '-culum' yielding New Latin 'vāsculāris' ('of or pertaining to vessels or tubes'), adopted around the 1670s.

Non-Vascular Plants

Plants devoid of a vascular system (xylem and phloem), true roots, shoots, and leaves, which grow from spores and remain small in size.

Vascular Plants

Plants containing specialized vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) that transport water and food, enabling growth to larger sizes.

Rhizoids

Root-like anchorage structures found in non-vascular plants.

Thallus

The overall body structure of a non-vascular plant lacking true roots, stems, or leaves.

Phyllids

Leaf-like structures in non-vascular plants used for photosynthesis.

Vegetative Propagation

A mode of asexual reproduction where a part of the plant breaks off and develops into a new plant.

Non-Vascular Transport

The movement of water and nutrients purely through diffusion and osmosis across partially permeable membranes.

Pteridophyte Vascular Tissue

Vascular tissues containing xylem and phloem, but specifically lacking xylem vessels and phloem companion cells.

Fiddlehead (Crozier)

The coiled, developing structure of a young fern frond.

Pteridophyte Habitat

Cool, shady, and moist places including moist shady forests, crevices of rocks, bogs, marshes, and trunks of trees.