Self presentation

Self-presentation

Any behavior that seeks to convey some image of self to other people

Self-verification motivation

A desire to confirm and maintain one’s self-concept.

Self-enhancement motivation

A desire to enhance the positive part of the self and conceal the negative part of the self

Core self-concept

When the negative (or negatively viewed) self-concept is important to us

Situational Demands

A situation strongly encourages us to present ourselves in overly positive ways

High self-esteem: Self-verification =

Self-enhancement

Low self-esteem: Self-verification ↑

Self-enhancement ↓

Narcissism: High explicit self-esteem but low implicit self-esteem

• Self-verification ↓

Self-enhancement ↑

Self-monitoring

Personality trait in an ability of regulating our behaviors to meet the demands

of social situations

High self-monitors

• Apt to conform their behaviors to

situational demands

• Frequently engage in social

comparison

Low self-monitors

• Behave in accord with their

internal thoughts and feelings

• Less likely engage in social

comparison

Ingratiation

attempt to be seen as likable and attractive (e.g., flattering)

→ liking

Intimidation

attempt to be seen as aggressive and dangerous (e.g., threatening) → fear

Exemplification

attempt to be seen as having higher integrity and moral

worthiness than others (e.g., bragging and gossiping) → guilt

Supplication

advertise one’s weakness or dependence (e.g., begging) →

pity

Self-promotion

attempting to impress someone with one’s own accomplishments (e.g., bragging) → respect

Social Comparison Theory

assumes that we have a fundamental

desire to evaluate our opinions and abilities accurately (Festinger,

1954)

Frog Pond Effect

Individuals evaluate themselves as better than they actually are when in a group of low-performing individuals (Davis, 1966)

The Dunning-Kruger Effect

The tendency for unskilled people to be overconfident in their ability and highly skilled people to underestimate their ability.

Individualistic Culture (Self- concept)

• Personal competence &

achievement

• Autonomy & Competition

Collectivistic Culture (Self- concept)

• Group affiliation & relationship
  accomplishment

• Relationship & Cooperation
  

Individualistic Culture (Self- presentation)

• Desire for uniqueness

• Motivated to stand out

• Self-enhancement

Collectivistic Culture (Self- presentation)

• Desire for harmony

• Motivated to blend in

• Self-effacement