religion iv unit 5: judaism & islam

Ancient Judaism

• Polytheistic

• High Places

• Most common sacrifice was human

• Liturgically focused

Modern Judaism

• Monotheistic

• Synagogues

• No sacrifice

• Legally focused

Solomon

built the first Jewish temple

Arc of the Covenant

contained the presence of God; carried 10 commandments, manna, and Aaron’s rod

Cyrus

helped the Jews build the second temple

Orthodox Judaism

believe the Torah is directly from God and should be followed exactly as it’s written

Conservative Judaism

believe the Torah was written by humans but inspired by God and, therefore, there are certain laws binding to every Jew and others for specific people and/or times

Reform Judaism

believe the Torah was written by humans and is, therefore, up to individual interpretation

Mishna

debates of rabbis around the 1st century A.D. about the Torah

Tanakh

ALL Jewish scriptures together

Gemara

analysis of Mishna by rabbis

Talmud

series of commentary and analysis on the Torah

Torah

most important because it contains the entire law of Judaism

Quran

not the same as the Bible, but is a book with similar stories and focuses on balancing God’s judgement and divine revelation

Hadith

sayings of the prophet Muhammed not found in the Quran; helps interpret Quran and establish traditions

Sharia

Islamic law, synthesis of Quran and Sunnha; no universal interpretation → up to individuals and communities

Sunnah

traditions established by Muhammed

Shahada

• “creed”

• No God bu Allah

• Muhammed is his prophet

Salat

• “daily prayer”

• Muslims pray 5 times a day

Zakat

• “charity”

• 2% of annual wealth should go to charity

• Separate from Islam tithe

• Poor and disabled can give through time, work, and acts of kindness

Hajj

• "pilgrimage"

• Every Muslim is required to visit Mecca at least once

• season - one week when Muslims must take the journey in order for it to count as their hajj

Ramadan

• “fasting”

• For 1 month/year, Muslims do not eat or drink from sunup to sundown

Fasting exceptions

• Pregnant women and women on their periods

• Sick people

• Elderly

• People who haven’t hit puberty