Unit 11- Animals

Kingdom Animalia

Refers to the kingdom of multicellular, heterotrophic organisms that exhibit various characteristics such as specialization, sexual and asexual reproduction, and the ability to move.

Protostome

An invertebrate animal in which the first opening developed during gastrulation becomes the mouth, while the second opening becomes the anus.

Deuterostome

A vertebrate animal in which the first opening developed during gastrulation becomes the anus, while the second opening becomes the mouth.

Germ layers

Three primary layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) in the early embryo that give rise to different tissues and organs in the animal body.

Symmetry

Refers to the arrangement of body parts in an organism. Animals can exhibit radial symmetry (radiating from a central point) or bilateral symmetry (two equal halves).

Phylum Porifera

The phylum of sponges, characterized by asymmetry, filter feeding, and sessile adult forms.

Phylum Cnidaria

The phylum of jellyfish, displaying radial symmetry and possessing stinging cells called cnidocytes.

Incomplete metamorphosis

A type of insect development with three stages - egg, nymph, and adult - where the young resemble adults but are smaller.

Complete metamorphosis

A type of insect development with four stages - egg, larva, pupa, and adult - where the young undergo drastic changes before becoming adults.

Social insects

Insects that live in colonies with division of labor, such as bees, ants, and termites, working together for the benefit of the colony.