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RTE - PCT
Larger than other RTEs
Columnar, convoluted, rectangular
May resemble casts
Coarsely granular cytoplasm
Examine for presence of nucleus
Not seen in clump
RTE - DCT Distal convoluted tubules
Round or oval shaped, smaller
May be mistaken for WBCs or spherical transitional cells
Observe the eccentrically placed nucleus to differentiate from spherical transitional
Not seen in clump
Oval fat bodies
RTE that absorbed lipid in the filtrate
RTE - Collecting Duct
Cuboidal, never round
At least one straight edge
Eccentric nucleus
Three or more cells in clump is renal fragment; often large sheets
Leucine crystals
Yellow-brown spheres with concentric circles and radial striations
Accompanied by tyrosine crystals
Liver disease
Acid/neutral
Granular cast
RTE lysosomes, excreted in normal metabolism, more after exercise and activity
Disintegration of cellular casts and free cells
WBC cast
Seen with infection and inflammation of the nephron
Pyelonephritis: WBC casts, bacteria
Acute interstitial nephrtitis: WBC casts, no bacteria
May accompany RBC casts in glomerulonephritis
Mostly neutrophils and lobed nucleus and granules are seen