Cells & Systems Study Guide ☑️

Cells and systems flash card set

cell

an independent life form that builds up organisms

system

a group of interacting or interdependent components that work together to function as a whole

cell membrane

the protective barrier surrounding a cell that decides what enters and exits

nucleus

the container of the cell's genetic material and control center

chromosomes

structures within the nucleus made out of DNA

cytoplasm

the gel-like substance inside the cell membrane that holds organelles

organism

a living entity that can function independently

multi-cellular

an organism made up of multiple cells that work together to perform functions

cell wall

the outer layer of a plant cell that provides structure and support

compare and contrast multicellular and unicellular

multicellular organisms have multiple cells, while unicellular organisms only have one cell

how do cells replicate?

cells replicate through a process called mitosis, where one cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells; the DNA gets cloned first in order to split the cell and ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material.

what is the function of the nucleus?

the nucleus serves as the control center of the cell

what is the function of the cell membrane?

the cell membrane is responsible for protecting the cell and providing structure

what is the function of cytoplasm?

cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid that fills the cell which supports the organelles within the cell

what is the structure and function of skin?

the skin serves as the body’s protector with many layers and holds the structure of the body together

what is the structure and function of muscles?

they enable motion and support movement and posture of the body

what is the structure and function of bones?

bones provide structural support, serving as levers for muscles and are also considered as facilities for minerals

how do nerves work?

nerves work by transmitting signals from nerves in a part of your body to your spine or brain, which causes you to feel what you feel

are all things made of cells?

no, because not everything is a living being

compare and contrast animal and plant cells

animal cells have no cell wall, while plant cells have a cell wall

order these subsystems from biggest to smallest: organism, tissue, organ, cell, organ system

organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell

organelles

structures within a living cell that perform a specific function