CPH Finals Topic 3

environmental heath

comprises those aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by physical, chemical, biologic, social, and psychosocial factors in the environment

environmental health hazard

any external factor that negatively affects your health

traditional

in developing countries with large rural populations, people continue to suffer from _______ risks

additional environmental

in developing countries with large urban populations and more industry, people are exposed to ______ risks

traditional risks

unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and hygiene, and indoor smoke from domestic cooking and heating

additional environmental risks

exposure to urban, industrial and Agrochemical pollution, as well as industrial accidents

Land and climate related hazards
Atmospheric hazards
Water related hazards
Food Borne hazards
Vector Borne Hazards
Domestic Hazards
Occupational Hazards
Infrastructural hazards

environmental health hazards

floods
storms
hurricanes
volcanic activity
earthquake
soil erosion
drought

land and climate related hazards

floods

common in both lowland coastal and inland areas, especially in Tropics and monsoon areas

tropics and monsoon

floods are common in both lowland coastal and inland areas, especially in ____ regions

Out Door Pollution /Air
road traffic
manufacturing industries

atmospheric hazards

industries
vehicles
gasoline stations
farm equipment
fires

outdoor pollution sources

ozone
particulate matter
carbon monoxide
nitrogen oxide
sulfur dioxide
lead
volatile organic compound

primary outdoor air pollutants

surface water
drinking water

water related hazards

fertilizers
mercury
insecticides
oil and chemicals
trash
pet wastes

common pollutants of bodies of water

biological contamination
chemical contamination

food borne hazards

biological contamination

associated with poor domestic sanitation and hygiene arrangements

chemical contamination

food additives/pesticides

water related vectors
animal related vectors
arthropod related vectors

vector borne hazards

guinea worm, schistosomiasis

water related vectors

bubonic plague, toxoplasmosis, rabies

animal related vectors

sleeping sickness, bubonic plague, malaria, dengue, filariasis

arthropod related vectors

indoor air pollution
domestic problems
sanitation
waste handling

domestic hazards

domestic problems

often associated with over-crowding and poor living conditions

sanitation

severe problem in areas lacking organized sewerage system

waste handling

associated especially with open waste dumps

second-hand smoke
airborne mold
pet dander
dust mite particles
combustion gasses

common indoor air pollutants

traffic
industrial accidents
contaminated land

infrastructural hazards

traffic

accidents and noise pollution

industrial accidents

associated mainly with poorly regulated chemical industries

contaminated land

old industrial site and waste-dumps

85

noise levels higher than __ decibels for long periods of time can cause permanent hearing damage

municipal solid waste

includes residential and industrial waste; usually disposed of in landfills or recycled

hazardous waste

wastes that are toxic, corrosive, flammable, or ignitable which needs to be disposed of properly

nuclear waste

raise concerns about potential radiation exposure

heat and humidity
stress

other environmental health hazards

high humidity

impedes the body's ability to cool itself

heat and humidity

this is a particular problem for the elderly

excessive stress

is associated with decreased immune function and an increased risk of environmentally related illness

climate and weather

has a powerful impact on human health and well-being

27,000

abnormally high temperatures in Europe in the summer of 2003 were associated with at least _____ deaths

2.4%

climate change was estimated to be responsible in 2000 for approximately ___ of worldwide diarrhea, and 6% of malaria in some middle-income countries

6%

climate change was estimated to be responsible in 2000 for approximately 2.4% of worldwide diarrhea, and __ of malaria in some middle-income countries

global climate change

a newer challenge to ongoing efforts to protect human health