Biopsychology- Unit 1

All nervous systems

PNS(SNS & ANS→ (PSNS & SNS) CNS→ (B&S)

Spinal cord

Between brain and body; sends motor commands to muscles and sensory info to brain

Peripheral nervous system

Gathers info, transmits CNS decisions to parts of body

Autonomic nervous system

Controls muscles and glands on internal organs (involuntary)

Somatic nervous system

Enables voluntary control of skeletal muscles

Depolarization

Axon channels open, positive sodium ions move in, attracted to negative inner, positive potassium moves out. Loss of negative inside/ positive outside, decreasing negativity, bringing up to threshold.

reuptake

Neurotransmitters reabsorption into axon terminal of which it was released

Threshold

-55 mV for response to occur

Myasthenia gravis

weak muscles bc immune system attacks healthy

Dopamine

Happy hormone. Too much=overstimulation, too little= depression

Serotonin

Balances emotions. Too much=apathy, too little=mood disorders

Endorphins

Pain relief. Too much=ignorance of injury, too little= constant pain

Norepinephrine

Alertness. Too much= constant panic, too little=drowsy

Hormones

Chemical messengers made by ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Adrenaline

Stress hormone, part of fight or flight, produced by ADRENAL GLAND

Leptin

Stops overindulgence

Melatonin

secreted by pineal gland

Insulin

Glucose, produced by pancreas

CRH

Stress conductor, from hypothalamus

Opioids

Reduces perception of pain

Brainstem

AUTOMATIC SURVIVAL, medulla, pons, reticular formation, midbrain

Medulla

Hindbrain, base of brainstem, controls HEARTBEAT and BREATHING

Cerebellum

BALANCE and procedural memory

Cerebral cortex

Ultimate control and info-processing center

Hypothalamus

Voluntary bodily functions, govern endocrine system

Pituitary gland

Master gland of endocrine system

association area

process sensory and motor info ex.wernikes and broca

Somatosensory cortex

front of PARIETAL lobe, register movement sensations

Prefrontal cortex

Executive functioning

Stage 2

Theta waves

Stage 3

Delta waves

REM

Beta waves

Activation-synthesis dream theory

Dreams are random attempts to interpret info

Subconscious desire/wish fulfillment

Dream theory: Freud-Manifest content: remembered and Latent content:hidden meaning

Threat Simulation/ cognitive development

Dream theory: Reflection of events of the day, prep for threats

Stimulating neurons

Dream theory: unused neurons are stimulated to preserve pathways

synesthesia

blend of sensation, hearing colours

prosopagnosia

cant recognize faces

blindsight

ur blind but you respond to visual stimuli

olfactory stimuli

odorant molecules, trigger smell

pheromones

olfactory chemical messengers

gate control theory

pain can stop at the spinal cord and not be perceived

vestibular sense

detection of movement of our head

Effects of sleep deprivation

Sad fat sick

NREM3 sleep issues (2)

Stage in which night terrors and sleep walking occur

REM sleep issue (1)

Stage in which sleep paralysis occurs

Examples of depressants (3)

Alcohol, heroin and opioids

Examples of stimulants

Nicotine, cocaine and meth

Hallucinogens examples (2)

Marijuana, LSD

Grey matter vs white matter

G: sensation and perception in cerebral cortex W: wiring