the universe topic

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for yearlys year 9

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19 Terms

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Celestial Objects

Objects in the sky such as stars, planets, and moons used for predictions and timekeeping by early civilizations.

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Geocentric Model

An astronomical model which places Earth at the center of the universe, as proposed by Aristotle.

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Heliocentric Model

An astronomical model that places the sun at the center of the universe, proposed by Aristarchus and later supported by Copernicus.

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Ptolemy's Model

An improved version of the geocentric model that introduced epicycles to explain the movements of celestial bodies.

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Laws of Planetary Motion

Kepler's principles describing the orbital motion of planets around the sun.

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Principia

Isaac Newton's work published in 1687 that established the laws of motion and universal gravitation.

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Space-Time

A four-dimensional continuum in which all events occur; affected by the presence of matter according to Einstein's theories.

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Dark Energy

A mysterious force that is causing the accelerated expansion of the universe.

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Nebula

A giant cloud of dust and gas in space, forming the basis for star formation.

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Supernova

A powerful explosion resulting from the death of a star, leading to the creation of neutron stars or black holes.

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Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

A graphical representation that illustrates the relationship between the temperature and luminosity of stars.

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Refracting Telescope

An optical telescope that uses a lens to gather and focus light.

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Reflecting Telescope

An optical telescope that uses mirrors to gather and focus light.

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Atomic Mass

The total mass of an atom, calculated by adding the number of protons and neutrons.

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Subatomic Particles

The particles that make up an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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Mass and Charge of Protons

Protons have a relative mass of 1 and a positive charge, which attracts negatively charged electrons.

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Electrons

Subatomic particles with a negative charge and a mass approximately 1/2000 that of a proton.

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Black Hole

A region in space with a gravitational pull so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it.

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Gravity

A force that attracts two bodies towards each other; the force that pulls stars together during their formation.