Preschool Development and Cognitive Learning

These flashcards cover key concepts from preschool development and cognitive learning discussed in the lecture.

What is the ability to use words, sounds, images, toys, etc., to represent concrete things?

Symbolic thought

What is a child’s ability to imitate the actions of a model who is no longer present?

Deferred imitation

Which of the following about the progression of pretend play is FALSE?

The context of play develops from real experiences, like going to school, to less realistic contexts, like going on a trip to outer space.

Which of the following is part of long-term memory?

All of the above (Implicit memory, Explicit memory, Semantic memory)

Does memory capacity refer to how much is remembered, as opposed to what a person does with their memory?

True

Which stage of Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental theory do preschoolers go through?

Preoperational

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the preconceptual/symbolic substage?

Preschoolers show improvement in classifying, ordering, and numerical skills.

Which of the following is not an example of the intuitive substage?

A preschooler understanding that a box being full of blocks makes it harder to push.

What is centering one’s attention on only one part of an object or event instead of seeing all parts at the same time known as?

Centrism

Which of the following is a problem preschoolers have with cause-and-effect reasoning?

All of the above (Believing any observable attribute of an object can cause an effect, Changing the order of cause and effect, Believing any event must be recreated in the same way to get the same effect.)

What is knowledge acquired through observations of the physical world, such as attributes of objects and observable phenomenon?

Physical knowledge

What is the attribution of living qualities to inanimate objects?

Animism

What is not directly experienced through the senses, but is developed through thought?

Logical thinking concepts

Are preschoolers able to make mental maps of 3-dimensional spaces more easily than 2-dimensional spaces?

False

What is the term for preschoolers talking as though the listener will understand what they are trying to communicate in the same way as they do?

Egocentric speech

At what age do most preschool children begin to correctly articulate the 't', 'ng', 'r', and 'l' sounds?

5-6 years

What is the belief that at 2-3 years of age, children spontaneously begin to notice print in their environment and can identify some signs and logos?

Emergent literacy

Before preschoolers can understand gender roles, they must grasp which concepts about gender?

All of the above (Gender identity, Gender stability, Gender constancy)

What is stating or even hinting that males and females always behave in certain ways or should always do particular tasks known as?

Sexual stereotyping

What is a characteristic of Piaget’s moral realism stage of moral judgment and reasoning?

All of the above (Children are regulated by others, Children fear punishment, Children see eye-for-eye justice as fair.)

Which of the following is NOT a factor of self-concept?

Self-correction

Which of the following is NOT true about imaginary friends?

Imaginary friends are rarely younger children.

Which of the following about preschoolers is NOT true?

Preschoolers are less likely to accept comfort from strangers than toddlers.

Which of the following about preschoolers is NOT true?

Stress and trauma occurring before age 6 typically don’t have lasting effects.

Which of the following is a factor of developmental stress during the preschool years?

All of the above (Way of thinking, Fearful temperament, Episodic memories)

Which of the following is a characteristic of Kohlberg’s Interpersonal Conformity stage of moral reasoning?

Children do what a social group says is right or wrong.

Which of the following is NOT a result of shaming?

It enhances moral conscience.

What is a feeling of remorse that comes from the inner voice of conscience when a person has behaved unacceptably?

Guilt

Which of the following is NOT true about the role of peer groups in school-age years?

They allow for a goal-corrected partnership.

What may be expressed in the forms of disrespect, sulkiness, or scapegoating?

Anger and aggression

Does jealousy often increase in school-age and adolescent years, compared to preschool?

True