PHIL 1361 Chapter 1 Study Flashcards

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering theorists, key concepts, vocabulary, and the Fountain case study from Chapter 1 of PHIL 1361.

Immanuel Kant's core position on art is that it functions as __________.

Representation

Immanuel Kant distinguishes fine art from agreeable art, stating that fine art produces pleasure from the reflective powers of __________.

judgment

A major criticism of Immanuel Kant's theory of art as representation is that it fails to explain __________ art.

Impressionist/Post-Impressionist

Clive Bell proposed the Formalist Theory, arguing that art produces aesthetic emotions because of __________.

significant form

According to Clive Bell, paintings that convey information or tell a story but lack significant form are called __________ paintings.

descriptive

Clive Bell uses the __________ hypothesis to separate natural beauty from aesthetic emotion.

metaphysical

According to R.G. Collingwood, __________ starts with a predetermined end, whereas art does not.

Craft

R.G. Collingwood defines art primarily as a __________ activity of expressing and clarifying an initially undefined feeling.

mental

In R.G. Collingwood's theory, work created to convey a particular emotion is classified as __________ art.

magical

R.G. Collingwood classifies amusement/entertainment art as __________ rather than true art.

craft

Monroe Beardsley defines an artwork as being produced with the intention of giving it the capacity to satisfy __________.

aesthetic interest

According to Oswald Hanfling, artifacts are art if their __________ function is aesthetic satisfaction.

main

George Schlesinger defines an artwork as an artifact that provides aesthetic experience under __________.

standard conditions

Richard Lind asserts that artwork is a creative arrangement of media whose principal function is communicating a significant __________.

aesthetic object

Paul Ziff argues that art is not a __________ concept and that definitions work only at particular points in time.

fixed

Morris Weitz proposed the __________ Concept Theory, stating that no single trait is common to every artwork.

Open

Morris Weitz uses the concept of __________ resemblance to describe how artworks share overlapping similarities without one universal defining feature.

family

Morris Weitz contrasts open concepts with closed concepts, using the example of a __________ as a closed concept.

bachelor

Arthur Danto asserts that recognizing something as art requires an atmosphere of artistic theory, knowledge of art history, and an __________ context.

artworld

In Version 1 of George Dickie's Institutional Theory of Art, an artefact must receive candidate-for-appreciation status from the __________.

artworld

A major problem for George Dickie's Institutional Theory of Art is accounting for __________ art and the origin of the artworld.

outsider

Jerrold Levinson's historical definition posits that art is necessarily __________ because it is defined through its intended relationship to pre-existing art.

backward-looking

Jerrold Levinson refers to the unknown historical ancestors of art as __________.

ur-arts

Robert Stecker's approach to defining art combines historical and functional approaches, known as historical __________.

functionalism

According to Robert Stecker, something outside the normal artistic category can still count as art in an __________ sense if it achieves excellence in fulfilling an artistic function.

honorific

Marcel Duchamp submitted the ready-made artwork Fountain in the year __________.

1917

Marcel Duchamp purchased the urinal used for Fountain from __________.

J.L. Mott Iron Works

Marcel Duchamp submitted Fountain under the pseudonymous name __________.

Richard Mutt

Fountain was submitted to the first annual exhibition of the Society of __________ Artists.

Independent

The discussion of the Fountain controversy was included in the publication titled The __________ Man.

Blind

In philosophy of art, accepting an uncomfortable or undesirable consequence because a theory logically requires it is known as to "__________".

bite the bullet

An __________ is defined generally as something made or modified by a person.

artefact