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organizational theory
a set of propositions that explains or predicts how groups and individuals behave in varying organizational structures and circumstances
division of labor
an approach whereby each job in a bureaucratic organization is a specialized position with its own set of respinsibilities and duties
delegation of authority
an approach whereby supervisors assign particular tasks to separate employees and hold them responsible for completing these tasks
micro-manager
managers who, instead of delegating individual tasks to employees, try to take charge of all tasks
span of control
the number of subordinates who report to a given supervisor
organizational development (OD)
a planned, organization-wide effort to increase organizational effectiveness through behavioral science knowledge and technology
change agent
the individual who initiates the change process in an organization; also called the interventionist
client
the recipient of an organizational change effort in an organization
resistance to change
the characteristic of some individuals who so prefer to keep things the way they are that they intentionally or otherwise work to make change more difficult and less successful
intervention
the program or initiative that is suggested or implemented by the change agent in an organizational change effort
sensemaking
the process whereby employees exert effort to interpret and understand work-related events
team building
a technique used by organizations to develop teams or to enhance the effectiveness of existing teams
total quality management (TQM)
an initiative that focuses on employee involvement in the control of quality in organizations
gainsharing
an OD intervention that involves paying employees a bonus based on improvements in productivity
reengineering
the fundamental rethinking and redesign of business processes to improve critical performance as measured by cost, quality, service, and speed
information technology (IT)
the science of collecting, storing, processing, and transmitting information
positive psychology
the scientific study of the strengths and virtues of individuals and institutions
appreciative inquiry (AI)
the art and practice of using questions to help an organization enhance its positice potential
organizational transformation
a term that refers to any intervention primarily directed toward creating a new vision for an orgaization and chaning its beliefs. purpose, and mission
culture change
the alteration of a patterns of beliefs, values, norms, and expectations shared by organizational members
knowledge management
a method in which organizations enhance their operations through attempts to develop, disseminate, and use knowledge
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