western civ ch25

third world

term that refers to non industrialized nations of the world

lopsided world

pattern of uneven globalization as a result of economic gaps created between the rich and poor as a result of industrialization during the 19th and 20th century

leads to creation of third world countries

1 - 1750 avg standard of living was no higher in Europe as a whole tan in the rest of the world

2 - industrialization which opened gaps in avg wealth and well being among countries and regions

3 - income per person stagnated in the Third World before 1913

economic income disparities

results in disparities in food, clothing, health, education, life expectancy, general material well being

great britain

country which took the lead in cultivating export markets for it's booming industrial output - looked first to Europe then the world

cotton textiles

1820 - britain was exporting 50% of this product to Europe, 6% to India

1850 - india buying 25% of this product

transportation systems

international trade grew as _ improved

railroads

reduced transportation costs

opened new economic opportunities

called forth new skills and attitudes

facilitated inflow and sale of Western manufactured goods and the export and development of local raw materials

steam power

_ power revolutionized trade by sea as well as by land

native americans/ australian aborigines

victims of expanding Western society

• decimated by diseases, liquor, and weapons

opium trade

sale of opium - grown legally in British - occupied India - by British merchants in China, where the drug was illegal; it became a destructive and ensnaring vice of the Chinese

british

government desired free, unregulated trade with China, establishment of diplomatic relations on the European model, complete with ambassadors, embassies, and published treaties

Treaty of Nanking

1842 - stated that imperial government required to cede Hong Kong to Britain forever, pay indemnity of 100 million $ and open up 4 large cities to unlimited foreign trade w/ low tarifs

gunboat diplomacy

the use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements

Matthew Perry

____ _____ (person) relied on gunboat diplomacy to demand diplomatic negotiations with Japanese emperor (1853)

Egypt

1798 - French armies under Napoleon Bonparte invaded the (place) part of the Ottoman Empire and occupied the territory for 3 years

Muhammad Ali

Albanian born Turkish general, became governor of Egypt in 1805 by the Turkish sultan

policies of modernization

Muhammad Ali's of _ attracted large numbers of Europeans to the banks of the Nile

Muhammad Ali

drafted of Egyptian peasants, hired of French/Italian officers to train recruits, new lands cultivated, communications improved - strong/independent Egyptian state created

Ismail

grandson of Muhammad Ali

westernizing autocrat

supported large irrigation networks

irrigation networks

these _ networks in Egypt resulted in a cotton production boom and boom in European exports

foreign financial control

_ evoked violent nationalistic reaction among Egyptian religious leaders

Egyptian Nationalist Party

party formed in 1879 under Colonel Ahmed Arabi in response to increasing foreign control of Egyptian finances

great migration

mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason that the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many sided

khedive

Britain's excuse for remaining in Egypt far into the 20th century - "maintained the facade of the 's government as an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire, but the was a mere puppet."

expansion

based on military force, political domination, and self -justifying ideology of beneficial reform

rising standard of living

revolution in medicine

give 2 reasons for the decrease in birth and death rates in the nineteenth century

increase in european population

driving force behind emigration

further reason for western expansion

emigration

reflected rural poverty in Britain and Ireland

also movement of skilled industrial technicians

preferences shown to British migrants in the British Empire

rapid industrialization

the german emigration decline was due to and adequate jobs at home

united states

the _ absorbed the largest overall number of European immigrants

poverty

main reason that European migrants left their homes

agriculture

3/4 Italians depended on _ as late as the 1880's

italians

which nationality migrated in order to maintain a harvest throughout the year (think pizza and bocce ball)

great white walls

laws designed by Americans and Australians to keep Asians from settling in their countries in the 1880's

new imperialism

late nineteenth century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad