Chapter 4 History Notes

Much of France's ___________________ issues by 1786, stemmed from Louis XVI's personal weaknesses, which prevented him from following sound advice and remaining strong against opposition from privileged groups

financial

Much of France's financial issues by _______, stemmed from Louis XVI's personal weaknesses, which prevented him from following sound advice and remaining strong against opposition from privileged groups.

1786

Much of France's financial issues by 1786 stemmed from Louis XVI's _______________ , which prevented him from following sound advice and remaining strong against opposition from privileged groups.

personal weaknesses

It was King Louis XVI's ____________ to support his finance ministers and allow them to introduce necessary fiscal and institutional reforms that led France to a state of bankruptcy by August 1788.

inability

It was King Louis XVI's inability to support his financial ministers and allow them to introduce necessary fiscal and institutional reforms that led France to a state of ________________ by August 1788

bankruptcy

It was King Louis XVI's inability to support his financial ministers and allow them to introduce necessary fiscal and institutional reforms that led France to a state of bankruptcy by _____________________(month, year)

August 1788

Calonne full name

Charles-Alexandre de Calonne

Calonne years

1783 - 1787

Necker successor

Joly de Fleury

Joly de Fleury was forced to increase taxation and raise another ____________________________ livres in loans in 1781

252 million

Joly de Fleury was forced to increase taxation and raise another 252 million livres in loans in _______

1781

By the end of the American War of Independence in ___________, the war had cost France over one billion livres.

1783

By the end of the American War of Independence in 1783, the war had cost France over ____________________________ livres.

one billion

There was a drop in _____________ when the vingtieme which had been levied during the American War of Independence came to an end in 1786.

revenue

There was a drop in revenue when the vingiteme which had been levied during the American War of Independence came to an end in ______

1786

There was a drop in revenue when the _____________ which had been levied during the American War of Independence came to an end in 1786.

vingtieme

There was a drop in revenue when the vingtieme which had been ______________during the American War of Independence came to an end in 1786.

levied

In ___________, state revenue had been 377 million livres but expenditure was 411 million livres which meant expenditure was thirty four million livres more than revenue.

1775

In 1775, state revenue had been ______________ million livres but expenditure was 411 million livres which meant expenditure was thirty four million livres more than revenue.

377

In 1775, state revenue had been 377 million livres but expenditure was __________________ million livres which meant expenditure was thirty four million livres more than revenue.

411

In 1775, state revenue had been 377 million livres but expenditure was 411 million livres which meant expenditure was _________________million livres more than revenue

34

By _________, France was facing bankruptcy with a deficit of 112 million livres, a quarter of annual income.

1786

By 1786, France was facing bankruptcy with a deficit of _______________________, a quarter of annual income

112 million livres

By 1786, France was facing bankruptcy with a deficit of 112 million livres, a ___________________ of annual income.

quarter

By 1786, France was facing bankruptcy with a deficit of 112 million livres, a quarter of _______________________

annual income

In addition, almost ____________ of the income for 1787 had been spent in advance taking out short term loans in anticipation of tax revenue.

half

In addition, almost half of the income for __________ had been spent in advance taking out short term loans in anticipation of tax revenue.

1787

In addition, almost half of the income for 1787 had been spent in advance taking out ___________________ in anticipation of tax revenue.

short term loans

Tax reform recognised that a taxation system that _______________ the Church and the wealthy aristocracy was not sustainable.

exempted

Tax reform recognised that a taxation system that exempted the Church and the wealthy aristocracy was not _________________

sustainable

On ________________________(day/month/year), Calonne presented Louis XVI with his "Plan for the Improvement of the Finances"

20 August 1786

On the 20th August 1786, Calonne presented Louis XVI with his "_________________________________________________________________________"

Plan for the Improvement of the Finances

The introduction of a new direct tax on all landowners with no exemption would be based on the ___________________________ and would be paid in produce

landowner's income

The introduction of a ____________________ on all landowners with no exemption would be based on the landowner's income and would be paid in produce.

new direct tax

The introduction of a new direct tax on all landowners with no exemption would be based on the landowner's income and would be paid in ___________.

produce

The introduction of a new direct tax on all landowners with no exemption would shift the ___________________ away from the Third Estate

tax burden

The introduction of a new direct tax on all landowners with no exemption would shift the tax burden away from the ______________________

Third Estate

The introduction of a new direct tax on all landowners with no exemption would bring in revenue of around _______________________ million livres

35

In order to offset a new direct tax on all landowners, taxation privileges traditionally held by various estates and nobles would be ________________

abolished

In order to offset the introduction of a new direct tax on all landowners with no exemption certain large properties owned by the Church would be _____________ for the benefit of the state.

sold

In order to offset the introduction of a new direct tax on all landowners the corvee would be _______________ with a direct tax

replaced

In order to offset the introduction of a new direct tax on all landowner the stamp tax on all documents would be _______________

extended

In order to offset the introduction of a new direct tax on all landowners the ___________________ on all documents would be extended

stamp tax

In order to offset the introduction of a new direct tax on all landowners, _________________ would be excused from the capitation and stay exempt from the taille.

nobles

In order to offset the introduction of a new direct tax on all landowners, nobles would be excused from the ________________ and stay exempt from the ______________________

capitation, taille

As part of Brienne's proposed reforms, new ______________________ would assess and collect the landtax.

provincial assemblies

As part of Brienne's proposed reforms, new provincial assemblies would be elected by _______________ without distinction of estate.

landowners

As part of Brienne's proposed reforms, new provincial assemblies would be elected by landowners without distinction of __________

estate

New provincial assemblies established by Brienne's proposed reforms would work in the cooperation with the _______________ of various provinces.

intendents

Calonne aimed for the abolition of internal trade barriers and removal of controls over the grain trade. This included abolishing ________________________ and __________________ for grain.

customs duties, fixed prices

Calonne aimed for the abolition of internal trade barriers and removal of controls over the grain trade to ______________ trade within France.

stimulate

Calonne aimed for the abolition of internal trade barriers and removal of controls over the grain trade to create a ________________ market

national

Calonne aiming to remove the corvee and replacing it with a monetary tax would _____________ peasants to produce more

encourage

Calonne aiming to remove the corvee and replacing it with a monetary tax would encourage peasants to _______________________

produce more

To borrow the money, Calonne had to _________ bankers that his reforms would become law.

convince

To borrow more money, Calonne had to convince ____________ that his reforms would become law.

bankers

To borrow more money, Calonne had to convince bankers that his reforms would _______________________

become law

To borrow more money, Calonne had to convince bankers that his reforms would become law. To do this, he needed to demonstrated that.....

the most powerful groups in France supported his reforms

Calonne knew that the ______________________________________________________would oppose his plan as the system of privilege was to their financial advantage.

nobility and upper hierarchy of the Church

Calonne knew that the nobility and upper hierarchy of the Church would oppose his plan as the ____________________________ was to their financial advantage.

system of privilege

Calonne knew that the nobility and upper hierarchy of the Church would oppose his plan as the system of privilege was to their __________________________

financial advantage

Calonne knew that the nobility and upper hierarchy of the Church would oppose his plan as the system of privilege was to their financial advantage. Thus, Calonne proposed that Louis XVI summon an ________________________________

Assembly of Notables

The last time the Notables had been summoned by the King was in __________

1626

The members of the Assembly of Notables would be ________________________ by the King

nominated

The members of the Assembly of Notables would be nominated by the ____________

King

The Assembly of Notables would be composed of the "__________________________________________"

most enlightened persons of the kingdom [and the people who are] "worthy of the public's confidence"

Calonne thought that if the hand-picked nobility and princes of the Church lent their support via the Assembly of Notables that the display of _________ and ___________ to the monarchy would reassure lenders that that their money was safe and impress the Parlement of Paris

unity, loyalty

Calonne thought that if the hand-picked nobility and the princes of the Church lent their support via the Assembly of Notables that the display of unity and loyalty to the monarchy would reassure ____________ that their money was safe and impress the Parlement of Paris.

lenders

Calonne thought that if the hand-picked nobility and the princes of the Church lent their support via the Assembly of Notables that the display of unity and loyalty to the monarchy would ________________ lenders that their money was safe and impress the Parlement of Paris.

reassure

Calonne thought that if the hand-picked nobility and the princes of the Church lent their support via the Assembly of Notables that the display of unity and loyalty to the monarchy would reassure lenders that their money was ____________and impress the Parlement of Paris.

safe

Calonne thought that if the hand-picked nobility and the princes of the Church lent their support via the Assembly of Notables that the display of unity and loyalty to the monarchy would reassure lenders that their money was safe and impress ____________________________

the Parlement of Paris

Calonne thought that if the hand-picked nobility and the princes of the Church lent their support via the Assembly of Notables that the display of unity and loyalty to the monarchy would reassure lenders that their money was safe and ______________the Parlement of Paris.

impress

The nobles and churchmen chosen by Calonne would be _____________ to challenge the king's authority so the tax reforms should gain their support.

unlikely

The nobles and churchmen chosen by Calonne would be unlikely to ___________________ the king's authority so the tax reforms should gain their support

challenge

The nobles and churchmen chosen by Calonne would be unlikely to challenge the __________________ so the tax reforms should gain their support

king's authority

The nobles and churchmen chosen by Calonne would be unlikely to challenge the king's authority so the tax reforms should gain their support. However, this was a ______________ procedure as Historian Peter McPhee has pointed out because the nobility already felt its position to be under threat from two sources, the monarchy itself and the rising bourgeois class beneath it.

risky

The nobles and churchmen chosen by Calonne would be unlikely to challenge the king's authority so the tax reforms should gain their support. However, this was a risky procedure as Historian ______________________ has pointed out because the nobility already felt its position to be under threat from two sources, the monarchy itself and the rising bourgeois class beneath it.

Peter McPhee

The nobles and churchmen chosen by Calonne would be unlikely to challenge the king's authority so the tax reforms should gain their support. However, this was a risky procedure as Historian Peter McPhee has pointed out because the nobility already felt its position to be under threat from two sources,_____________________________________________________

the monarchy itself and the rising bourgeois class beneath it

On the ________________________ (date/month/year) the list of Notables was announced

29th of December 1786

On the 29 December, the list of Notables was announced; there were to be ________________________ members

144

On the 29 December, the list of Notables was announced; there were to be 144 members including _________ princes of blood, fourteen bishops, and thirty six noblemen.

seven

On the 29 December, the list of Notables was announced; there were to be 144 members including seven _____________________, fourteen bishops, and thirty six noblemen.

princes of blood

On the 29 December, the list of Notables was announced; there were to be 144 members including seven princes of blood, _____________bishops, and thirty six noblemen.

14

On the 29 December, the list of Notables was announced; there were to be 144 members including seven princes of blood, fourteen ______________, and thirty six noblemen.

bishops

On the 29 December, the list of Notables was announced; there were to be 144 members including seven princes of blood, fourteen bishops, and ____________________ noblemen.

36

On the 29 December, the list of Notables was announced; there were to be 144 members including seven princes of blood, fourteen bishops, and thirty six __________________.

noblemen

Among the Notables was _____________________________

Marquis de Lafayette

Although over 90 per cent of the population belong to the Third Estate, fewer than _____________ members were drawn from the common people.

30

Although over 90 per cent of the population belong to the Third Estate, fewer than 30 members were drawn from the __________________________.

common people

Assembly of Notables dates

22nd of February to 25th of May 1787

The success of Calonne's plan at the Assembly of Notables depended upon two things

- the King's support

- the Notables support

When the Notables met at _____________ in February, Louis XVI was distracted by the illness of his fourth child, Princes Sophie would would die of tuberculosis later that year

Versaille

When the Notables met at Versaille in ______________ (month), Louis XVI was distracted by the illness of his fourth child, Princes Sophie, who would die of tuberculosis later that year

February

When the Notables met at Versaille in February, Louis XVI was _______________ by the illness of his fourth child, Princess Sophie, who would die of tuberculosis later that year.

distracted

When the Notables met at Versaille in February, Louis XVI was distracted the ________________ of his fourth child, Princess Sophie, who would die of tuberculosis later that year.

illness

When the Notables met at Versaille in February, Louis XVI was distracted by the illness of his __________ child, Princess Sophie, who would die of tuberculosis later that year.

fourth

When the Notables met at Versaille in February, Louis XVI was distracted by the illness of his fourth child, ____________________, who would die of tuberculosis later that year.

Princess Sophie

When the Notables met at Versaille in February, Louis XVI was distracted by the illness of his fourth child Princess Sophie who would die of ______________________ later that year.

tuberculosis

Historian __________________ has argued that throughout a "controversial career" Calonne had many "many enemies" and they were "well represented" in the Assembly.

William Doyle

Historian William Doyle has argued that throughout a "______________________________" Calonne had made "many enemies" and they were "well represented" in the Assembly

controversial career